Counselling in South Kingsville, VIC

Photo of Liam Hiney - Liam Hiney - The Connection Concept, Counsellor
Liam Hiney - The Connection Concept
Counsellor
Verified Verified
South Kingsville, VIC 3015
I am an integrative Psychotherapist and Counsellor who aims to help my clients through the integration of evidence-based therapies. With experience in relational issues, childhood sexual abuse, life transitions, anxiety, trauma, and many other areas, I aim to work collaboratively with my clients to not just listen or offer advice but to work together towards sustainable change with empathy and compassions of my clients experiences within the world.
I am an integrative Psychotherapist and Counsellor who aims to help my clients through the integration of evidence-based therapies. With experience in relational issues, childhood sexual abuse, life transitions, anxiety, trauma, and many other areas, I aim to work collaboratively with my clients to not just listen or offer advice but to work together towards sustainable change with empathy and compassions of my clients experiences within the world.
(03) 8658 2174 View (03) 8658 2174
Photo of Brett Bailey - Illumination Counselling, Counsellor
Illumination Counselling
Counsellor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Kingsville, VIC 3015
You and your partner seek deeper emotional connection and understanding. You love each other but struggle with communication, leading to frequent misunderstandings and feelings of disconnection. You desire to break negative patterns and build a more secure, loving bond. You want to uncover and express your true emotions, heal past wounds, and strengthen your relationship. Your goal is to move from conflict to closeness, fostering a partnership where you both feel valued, heard, and deeply connected.
You and your partner seek deeper emotional connection and understanding. You love each other but struggle with communication, leading to frequent misunderstandings and feelings of disconnection. You desire to break negative patterns and build a more secure, loving bond. You want to uncover and express your true emotions, heal past wounds, and strengthen your relationship. Your goal is to move from conflict to closeness, fostering a partnership where you both feel valued, heard, and deeply connected.
(03) 7003 2566 View (03) 7003 2566
Photo of Christine Harris, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Christine Harris
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
South Kingsville, VIC 3015
Christine is a Clinical Psychologist who has a special interest in supporting clients to process and understand past trauma and move beyond issues that have held them back. She also has a special interest in supporting clients who are experiencing fertility issues and undertaking ART, as well as those who are experiencing general adjustment issues, depression and anxiety. Christine believes that everyone has the ability to change and lead a more fulfilling and content life. She works collaboratively with clients to develop goals and strategies and finds that therapy works best when clients are able to play an active role.
Christine is a Clinical Psychologist who has a special interest in supporting clients to process and understand past trauma and move beyond issues that have held them back. She also has a special interest in supporting clients who are experiencing fertility issues and undertaking ART, as well as those who are experiencing general adjustment issues, depression and anxiety. Christine believes that everyone has the ability to change and lead a more fulfilling and content life. She works collaboratively with clients to develop goals and strategies and finds that therapy works best when clients are able to play an active role.
(03) 9111 5326 View (03) 9111 5326

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Felix Perigrie, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Felix Perigrie
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Footscray, VIC 3011
Online Australia-wide. I work with teens and adults on the ADHD and Autistic spectrum, LGBTQIA+ folks, and anyone who has ever felt like they don’t fit in with society’s expectations. You’re not alone, and we’re surrounded by messages about how we’re supposed to be and when we don’t measure up it leaves us feeling isolated, wrong and hopeless. But you aren’t the problem, and therapy isn’t about fixing you. You’re already enough, and sometimes we all need a little help in remembering that who we are underneath the mask is someone worth knowing, loving, and learning from.
Online Australia-wide. I work with teens and adults on the ADHD and Autistic spectrum, LGBTQIA+ folks, and anyone who has ever felt like they don’t fit in with society’s expectations. You’re not alone, and we’re surrounded by messages about how we’re supposed to be and when we don’t measure up it leaves us feeling isolated, wrong and hopeless. But you aren’t the problem, and therapy isn’t about fixing you. You’re already enough, and sometimes we all need a little help in remembering that who we are underneath the mask is someone worth knowing, loving, and learning from.
(03) 8592 9249 View (03) 8592 9249
Photo of Daniel Di Pietro, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Daniel Di Pietro
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Footscray, VIC 3011
Daniel is a sexologist and psychotherapist who enjoys working empathically and collaboratively with individuals and partnerships of all cultural, gender, and sexual identities to provide support for their sexological needs. He specialises in working with sexological presentations around male sexual health, sexual and gender identity, intimacy, pleasure, desire discrepancy, kink and fetish-related behaviours, sexual functioning and relational challenges. Taking a non-judgmental and holistic approach, he assists his clients by providing tools to access their potential in overcoming the difficulties faced in their lives.
Daniel is a sexologist and psychotherapist who enjoys working empathically and collaboratively with individuals and partnerships of all cultural, gender, and sexual identities to provide support for their sexological needs. He specialises in working with sexological presentations around male sexual health, sexual and gender identity, intimacy, pleasure, desire discrepancy, kink and fetish-related behaviours, sexual functioning and relational challenges. Taking a non-judgmental and holistic approach, he assists his clients by providing tools to access their potential in overcoming the difficulties faced in their lives.
(03) 7003 2160 View (03) 7003 2160
Photo of Cecilia Tankey, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cecilia Tankey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
West Footscray, VIC 3012
Couples Therapist and Individual Psychotherapist. When we experience anxiety, depression, hurt, anger, grief, illness, or when there are ruptures in our relationships, it is signalling our deepest wounds. My therapy approach is an heroic journey, which supports to restore wholeness and reclaim core powers to live a more balanced and joyful life.
Couples Therapist and Individual Psychotherapist. When we experience anxiety, depression, hurt, anger, grief, illness, or when there are ruptures in our relationships, it is signalling our deepest wounds. My therapy approach is an heroic journey, which supports to restore wholeness and reclaim core powers to live a more balanced and joyful life.
(03) 9071 0182 View (03) 9071 0182
Photo of Avrille Burrows, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Avrille Burrows
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Footscray, VIC 3011
Avrille Burrows is a Naarm (Melbourne) based South Asian Mental Health Clinician and Arts Therapist. She has worked for over 12 years with people from various backgrounds who have experienced trauma such as family violence, abuse, and loss. She understands how these can impact our relationships, confidence and the toll it can take on our physical body with symptoms such as headaches, pain, depression, anxiety and stress. As a migrant, woman of colour and mother, Avrille understands the complexities of navigating culture, identity, family dynamics, and raising children as a settler on this land.
Avrille Burrows is a Naarm (Melbourne) based South Asian Mental Health Clinician and Arts Therapist. She has worked for over 12 years with people from various backgrounds who have experienced trauma such as family violence, abuse, and loss. She understands how these can impact our relationships, confidence and the toll it can take on our physical body with symptoms such as headaches, pain, depression, anxiety and stress. As a migrant, woman of colour and mother, Avrille understands the complexities of navigating culture, identity, family dynamics, and raising children as a settler on this land.
(03) 7003 2742 View (03) 7003 2742
Photo of Melis Topsahin, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Melis Topsahin
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015  (Online Only)
I particularly assist clients that require therapy in the areas of anxiety, substance abuse (other addictions), depression and relationship issues. My focus is on working with the client towards personal development and goal setting. Each client is so very unique, hence, requires a personal counselling approach that is catered entirely for them. As a therapist, i work with various approaches such as: CBT, ACT, humanistic approach and TRTP (trauma therapy) amongst many other(s).
I particularly assist clients that require therapy in the areas of anxiety, substance abuse (other addictions), depression and relationship issues. My focus is on working with the client towards personal development and goal setting. Each client is so very unique, hence, requires a personal counselling approach that is catered entirely for them. As a therapist, i work with various approaches such as: CBT, ACT, humanistic approach and TRTP (trauma therapy) amongst many other(s).
(02) 4504 0146 View (02) 4504 0146
Photo of Lena Risteski, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Lena Risteski
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Footscray, VIC 3011
Do you wonder whether your goals and aspirations have been influenced by society? Perhaps if you were truly living for YOU, your goals would look quite different. Anxiety can dominate our lives until we start uncovering what we truly want out of life. Radically accepting yourself - and understanding your true desires and values - can set you on a more meaningful and fulfilling path. Looking at our issues in a Holistic way allows us to understand ourselves better, which fosters self-compassion.
Do you wonder whether your goals and aspirations have been influenced by society? Perhaps if you were truly living for YOU, your goals would look quite different. Anxiety can dominate our lives until we start uncovering what we truly want out of life. Radically accepting yourself - and understanding your true desires and values - can set you on a more meaningful and fulfilling path. Looking at our issues in a Holistic way allows us to understand ourselves better, which fosters self-compassion.
(03) 9070 5479 View (03) 9070 5479
Anita Carroll
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Newport, VIC 3015  (Online Only)
Anita has a calm, warm and empathic presentation, has a keen awareness and an engaging counselling style. Her focus is on developing a strong therapeutic alliance whilst getting an idea of the history and current issues, and developing deeper understanding, acceptance of differences and hopeful ways to move forward. Offering TELEhealth not f2f
Anita has a calm, warm and empathic presentation, has a keen awareness and an engaging counselling style. Her focus is on developing a strong therapeutic alliance whilst getting an idea of the history and current issues, and developing deeper understanding, acceptance of differences and hopeful ways to move forward. Offering TELEhealth not f2f
(03) 8652 1483 View (03) 8652 1483
Photo of Clare Wilson, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Clare Wilson
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Footscray, VIC 3011
Clare enjoys working collaboratively with clients and supporting them to connect with personally fulfilling activities, identities, and relationships. She works with adults, including LGBTQIA+ and/or neurodivergent individuals and couples. She has worked with clients who may be exploring their gender, sexuality, and neurodivergent identity, including experiences of anxiety.
Clare enjoys working collaboratively with clients and supporting them to connect with personally fulfilling activities, identities, and relationships. She works with adults, including LGBTQIA+ and/or neurodivergent individuals and couples. She has worked with clients who may be exploring their gender, sexuality, and neurodivergent identity, including experiences of anxiety.
(03) 7023 4780 View (03) 7023 4780
Photo of Christina Kioulafas, PACFA, Counsellor
Christina Kioulafas
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Port Melbourne, VIC 3207
Are you feeling stuck? Do you feel like there are always challenges that stop you from enjoying life? Or maybe you are struggling with the same patterns and trauma that just won't go away? Modern life can be so complicated, there is so much happening in the world it can be hard to find our own place in it. Families and individuals are struggling in this global climate. Counselling can help you to connect to yourself. So often we think about connection to others, but how can we do that when we feel a sense of unrest and disconnection to our true self.
Are you feeling stuck? Do you feel like there are always challenges that stop you from enjoying life? Or maybe you are struggling with the same patterns and trauma that just won't go away? Modern life can be so complicated, there is so much happening in the world it can be hard to find our own place in it. Families and individuals are struggling in this global climate. Counselling can help you to connect to yourself. So often we think about connection to others, but how can we do that when we feel a sense of unrest and disconnection to our true self.
(03) 7003 2090 View (03) 7003 2090
Photo of Dr Karin du Plessis - Relationships Squared, PhD, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Dr Karin du Plessis - Relationships Squared
Counsellor, PhD, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Footscray, VIC 3011
Couples come to me often feeling that the constant arguing is wearing them down, that they are at the bottom of their partner’s priority list, or that they feel more like roommates rather than lovers. Others complain of constant bickering, walking on eggshells around each other, or living like ships in the night. I also see couples for pre-marital counselling and specific problems such as sexual difficulties, infidelity, money, in-laws, addictions and parenting. In working together we will build insights into patterns that are no longer serving you, and develop action so we can move you from stuck to thriving again.
Couples come to me often feeling that the constant arguing is wearing them down, that they are at the bottom of their partner’s priority list, or that they feel more like roommates rather than lovers. Others complain of constant bickering, walking on eggshells around each other, or living like ships in the night. I also see couples for pre-marital counselling and specific problems such as sexual difficulties, infidelity, money, in-laws, addictions and parenting. In working together we will build insights into patterns that are no longer serving you, and develop action so we can move you from stuck to thriving again.
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Photo of Harshani Algiriya, MA, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Harshani Algiriya
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Maribyrnong, VIC 3032
Welcome to a sanctuary of healing and growth, where transformation begins and resilience thrives. Our team is dedicated to providing trauma-informed therapy services that are tailored to your unique journey towards a healthier and happier life. Our commitment extends to those who bear the weight of complex trauma, wrestle with personality disorders, anxiety, depression, navigate the complexities of family and relationship issues, combat addiction, struggle with sleep disturbances, and burnout of daily life. We are here to support individuals of all generations. We provide culturally sensitive inclusive environment for our clients.
Welcome to a sanctuary of healing and growth, where transformation begins and resilience thrives. Our team is dedicated to providing trauma-informed therapy services that are tailored to your unique journey towards a healthier and happier life. Our commitment extends to those who bear the weight of complex trauma, wrestle with personality disorders, anxiety, depression, navigate the complexities of family and relationship issues, combat addiction, struggle with sleep disturbances, and burnout of daily life. We are here to support individuals of all generations. We provide culturally sensitive inclusive environment for our clients.
(03) 8595 5442 View (03) 8595 5442
Photo of Jessica Glaser - One Another , MA, AThR, Psychotherapist
One Another
Psychotherapist, MA, AThR
Verified Verified
Port Melbourne, VIC 3207
One Another provides a boutique mobile service based in Melbourne that evolved from the concept that recovery and healing is achievable for all. Being mobile, we drive up to 30min from the CBD to any area South, East or Northern Suburbs. We strongly believe that you are the expert of your experience and work in collaboration with you to tailor and personalise your therapeutic journey around what you need in order to keep moving forward. Together, we will explore and build upon your personal wishes, goals, and aspirations to develop a self-managing and sustainable approach around your relationship to your well-being.
One Another provides a boutique mobile service based in Melbourne that evolved from the concept that recovery and healing is achievable for all. Being mobile, we drive up to 30min from the CBD to any area South, East or Northern Suburbs. We strongly believe that you are the expert of your experience and work in collaboration with you to tailor and personalise your therapeutic journey around what you need in order to keep moving forward. Together, we will explore and build upon your personal wishes, goals, and aspirations to develop a self-managing and sustainable approach around your relationship to your well-being.
(03) 7003 2915 View (03) 7003 2915
Photo of Nathan Smith, MC, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Nathan Smith
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Footscray, VIC 3011
I have a passion for working with young people to empower and support them with their challenges. I also work with people of all ages and gender identities. Whether you are looking for support with anxiety, depression, AOD, relationship issues, or any thing else I'd be happy to help.
I have a passion for working with young people to empower and support them with their challenges. I also work with people of all ages and gender identities. Whether you are looking for support with anxiety, depression, AOD, relationship issues, or any thing else I'd be happy to help.
(03) 8594 4097 View (03) 8594 4097
Photo of Kevin Vun - inner haven therapy, MA, ACA-L4, Counsellor
inner haven therapy
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Footscray, VIC 3011  (Online Only)
As an empathetic and inclusive counsellor, I am committed to supporting individuals from diverse backgrounds on their unique journeys. With a focus on the queer/gay, BIPOC, Asian, and male communities, I offer a safe space where clients can explore the full spectrum of the human experience. My holistic approach addresses mental health, well-being, relationships, sexuality, identity, and confidence. Together, we'll navigate the complexities of life, fostering self-discovery and empowering personal growth. Let's embark on a transformative path towards healing, authenticity, and empowerment.
As an empathetic and inclusive counsellor, I am committed to supporting individuals from diverse backgrounds on their unique journeys. With a focus on the queer/gay, BIPOC, Asian, and male communities, I offer a safe space where clients can explore the full spectrum of the human experience. My holistic approach addresses mental health, well-being, relationships, sexuality, identity, and confidence. Together, we'll navigate the complexities of life, fostering self-discovery and empowering personal growth. Let's embark on a transformative path towards healing, authenticity, and empowerment.
(02) 9100 0511 View (02) 9100 0511
Photo of Dr Sandra Nguyen, PsychD, MAPS, Psychologist
Dr Sandra Nguyen
Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Verified Verified
Seddon, VIC 3011  (Online Only)
Life can be very tough and stressful and sometimes we need some professional help. I am committed to the care of clients ranging from adolescents, adults, the elderly and couples. I strongly believe in the importance of a well-matched client-therapist relationship. I counsel people with a range of problems which includes depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, interpersonal relationships, personal skills development and self-esteem. I have experience in conducting assessments and preparing reports for the courts and migration issues. I am also fluent in Vietnamese. I offer Telehealth and face to face counselling.
Life can be very tough and stressful and sometimes we need some professional help. I am committed to the care of clients ranging from adolescents, adults, the elderly and couples. I strongly believe in the importance of a well-matched client-therapist relationship. I counsel people with a range of problems which includes depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, interpersonal relationships, personal skills development and self-esteem. I have experience in conducting assessments and preparing reports for the courts and migration issues. I am also fluent in Vietnamese. I offer Telehealth and face to face counselling.
(03) 9034 6057 View (03) 9034 6057
Photo of Jane Green, Assoc MAPS, Counsellor
Jane Green
Counsellor, Assoc MAPS
Verified Verified
Williamstown, VIC 3016
Are you experiencing the symptoms of relationship distress? Poor communication, high conflict and low levels of intimacy, just to name a few? Utilising the principles of Emotionally Focussed Couples Therapy and Gottman Method, I strive to have couples experiencing new insights into their partners, as well as their own behaviours and attitudes. These insights can become the vehicle to more open, empathic and respectful communication, quicker repair in conflict, greater levels of intimacy, and ultimately more satisfying relationships.
Are you experiencing the symptoms of relationship distress? Poor communication, high conflict and low levels of intimacy, just to name a few? Utilising the principles of Emotionally Focussed Couples Therapy and Gottman Method, I strive to have couples experiencing new insights into their partners, as well as their own behaviours and attitudes. These insights can become the vehicle to more open, empathic and respectful communication, quicker repair in conflict, greater levels of intimacy, and ultimately more satisfying relationships.
(03) 7003 2509 View (03) 7003 2509
Photo of Psychphys™ (Williamstown) - PsychPhys™ (Williamstown), PsyBA Prov, Psychologist
PsychPhys™ (Williamstown)
Psychologist, PsyBA Prov
Verified Verified
Williamstown North, VIC 3016
Welcome to PsychPhys! We take a unique approach to supporting our clients through the combination of Psychology and Exercise Physiology. Our clinicians consist of Registered Psychologists, Ed/Dev Registras, Provisional Psychologists, and Exercise Physiologists.
Welcome to PsychPhys! We take a unique approach to supporting our clients through the combination of Psychology and Exercise Physiology. Our clinicians consist of Registered Psychologists, Ed/Dev Registras, Provisional Psychologists, and Exercise Physiologists.
(03) 9088 7585 View (03) 9088 7585

See more therapy options for South Kingsville

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in South Kingsville, VIC

< 10

Counsellors in South Kingsville, VIC who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Addiction
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Emotional Disturbance
100% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

1 Year

Gender breakdown

66% Male
34% Female

How Counsellors in South Kingsville, VIC see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in South Kingsville?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.