Psychodynamic Counselling in Kew, VIC

Photo of Dr Aaron Allen, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Aaron Allen
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kew, VIC 3101
My work is informed by relational psychodynamic, and emotion-focused approaches.
If you are an adult, wanting meaningful help to alleviate suffering, be it from longstanding depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction, relationship problems or work issues, please feel free to reach out. Perhaps you have tried therapy in the past, and found that, while helpful at the time, it didn't facilitate long term change or get to the heart of the matter.
My work is informed by relational psychodynamic, and emotion-focused approaches.
If you are an adult, wanting meaningful help to alleviate suffering, be it from longstanding depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction, relationship problems or work issues, please feel free to reach out. Perhaps you have tried therapy in the past, and found that, while helpful at the time, it didn't facilitate long term change or get to the heart of the matter.
(03) 7003 2662 View (03) 7003 2662
Photo of Shiva Chouhan, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Shiva Chouhan
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
My extensive training has roots in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic methods, which I've integrated with techniques such as CBT, ACT, and EMDR as needed for your therapeutic journey.
Individuals who find my approach particularly beneficial often experience mood-related challenges, such as depression and anxiety, or seek to embark on a therapeutic journey aimed at personal growth and development. In either case, every person brings their unique set of aspirations, and I can assist you in identifying and defining your specific goals. Therapy objectives often encompass relieving symptoms and acquiring effective mood management techniques. On a broader scale, these objectives often involve cultivating positive changes in one's lifestyle to enhance overall quality of life.
My extensive training has roots in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic methods, which I've integrated with techniques such as CBT, ACT, and EMDR as needed for your therapeutic journey.
Individuals who find my approach particularly beneficial often experience mood-related challenges, such as depression and anxiety, or seek to embark on a therapeutic journey aimed at personal growth and development. In either case, every person brings their unique set of aspirations, and I can assist you in identifying and defining your specific goals. Therapy objectives often encompass relieving symptoms and acquiring effective mood management techniques. On a broader scale, these objectives often involve cultivating positive changes in one's lifestyle to enhance overall quality of life.
(03) 7003 2544 View (03) 7003 2544
Photo of Therese Raulin, MA, Psychotherapist
Therese Raulin
Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101  (Online Only)
I specialise in developing an understanding of and treating children, adolescents and adults struggling to cope with challenges related to the past. I treat behavioural difficulties, emotional dysregulation and a broad range of presentations due to complex trauma. I have a particular interest in early life experience and the impact on attachment relationships. I am referred patients through Psychiatrists, Paediatricians, GPs and families seeking an alternative treatment to the usual medication focussed response to ADHD, ODD and ADD presentations and abuse. I undertake psychodynamic assessment and treatment that gets great results.
I specialise in developing an understanding of and treating children, adolescents and adults struggling to cope with challenges related to the past. I treat behavioural difficulties, emotional dysregulation and a broad range of presentations due to complex trauma. I have a particular interest in early life experience and the impact on attachment relationships. I am referred patients through Psychiatrists, Paediatricians, GPs and families seeking an alternative treatment to the usual medication focussed response to ADHD, ODD and ADD presentations and abuse. I undertake psychodynamic assessment and treatment that gets great results.
(02) 4810 0672 View (02) 4810 0672
Photo of Melissa Latham - Holding Space Counselling & Psychotherapy, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Holding Space Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
Person-centred Therapy, Psychodynamic, Existential, Interpersonal, Process Oriented Emotion Focussed Therapy and Solution Focussed Therapy are some of the treatment styles I utilise.
My approach to therapy is to use an integrated model because every person I work with is a unique individual with their own set of circumstances. I'm open minded, non judgemental and interested in helping clients to explore the contents of their hearts and minds to better understand their internal struggles, interpersonal relationships and how they exist in the world.
Person-centred Therapy, Psychodynamic, Existential, Interpersonal, Process Oriented Emotion Focussed Therapy and Solution Focussed Therapy are some of the treatment styles I utilise.
My approach to therapy is to use an integrated model because every person I work with is a unique individual with their own set of circumstances. I'm open minded, non judgemental and interested in helping clients to explore the contents of their hearts and minds to better understand their internal struggles, interpersonal relationships and how they exist in the world.
(03) 7500 5183 View (03) 7500 5183
Photo of Timothy Collier, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Timothy Collier
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
As your psychologist, I aim to create a space where you feel both supported and free to explore the deeper parts of yourself—those areas that are often difficult to articulate. Therapy is not about finding quick solutions, but about engaging in a process where thoughts and feelings can unfold in their own time. Together, we approach this journey with openness, trust, and curiosity. I believe the most meaningful change happens when we allow space for the unknown. My approach is grounded in psychodynamic psychotherapy, but it is the relationship we build that forms the heart of the work.
As your psychologist, I aim to create a space where you feel both supported and free to explore the deeper parts of yourself—those areas that are often difficult to articulate. Therapy is not about finding quick solutions, but about engaging in a process where thoughts and feelings can unfold in their own time. Together, we approach this journey with openness, trust, and curiosity. I believe the most meaningful change happens when we allow space for the unknown. My approach is grounded in psychodynamic psychotherapy, but it is the relationship we build that forms the heart of the work.
0477 956 834 View 0477 956 834
Photo of Rebekah Evans, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebekah Evans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
I work from a developmental, relational and psychodynamic perspective, and also have specialised training in perinatal and infant mental health, as well as in a number of evidence based approaches, including trauma-focused therapies.
I am an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker who has experience in a range of areas including mood and anxiety disorders, trauma, adjustment issues, interpersonal/relationship difficulties, bonding and attachment, and early parenting. I have a special interest in working with women and their families from pre-conception, navigating pregnancy and postpartum, through to the early years of parenting (0-5). I also work with young people (16+) and adults, and carers/kin who look after children involved with statutory services.
I work from a developmental, relational and psychodynamic perspective, and also have specialised training in perinatal and infant mental health, as well as in a number of evidence based approaches, including trauma-focused therapies.
I am an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker who has experience in a range of areas including mood and anxiety disorders, trauma, adjustment issues, interpersonal/relationship difficulties, bonding and attachment, and early parenting. I have a special interest in working with women and their families from pre-conception, navigating pregnancy and postpartum, through to the early years of parenting (0-5). I also work with young people (16+) and adults, and carers/kin who look after children involved with statutory services.
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Photo of Claire Naidoo, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Claire Naidoo
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
I integrate an eclectic mix of therapeutic techniques, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, EMDR, and Psychodynamic and mindfulness-based approaches, to ensure a tailored experience that honours each person's path.
My approach to working with clients is deeply rooted in empathy and warmth, creating a safe and compassionate space for exploration and growth. I believe in the power of authenticity, adapting my methods to suit each individual's unique needs and preferences. With a person-centered focus, I collaborate closely with clients to understand their story and guide them towards making meaningful changes and living a values-based life.
I integrate an eclectic mix of therapeutic techniques, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, EMDR, and Psychodynamic and mindfulness-based approaches, to ensure a tailored experience that honours each person's path.
My approach to working with clients is deeply rooted in empathy and warmth, creating a safe and compassionate space for exploration and growth. I believe in the power of authenticity, adapting my methods to suit each individual's unique needs and preferences. With a person-centered focus, I collaborate closely with clients to understand their story and guide them towards making meaningful changes and living a values-based life.
(03) 9052 4365 View (03) 9052 4365
Photo of Cherie Dalton, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Cherie Dalton
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
I'm a Clinical Psychologist with 27 years experience providing psychotherapy to clients within private practice. I view the therapeutic relationship as a partnership between client and therapist, and feel it is paramount for successful outcomes in therapy. My process is to initially identify the problems that you bring and the psychological barriers that have inhibited you from moving forward. My approach is compassionate and insight-oriented whilst incorporating practical strategies that can be utilised in your daily life. I have been trained in CBT, psychodynamic psychotherapy, ACT/mindfulness & clinical hypnosis.
I'm a Clinical Psychologist with 27 years experience providing psychotherapy to clients within private practice. I view the therapeutic relationship as a partnership between client and therapist, and feel it is paramount for successful outcomes in therapy. My process is to initially identify the problems that you bring and the psychological barriers that have inhibited you from moving forward. My approach is compassionate and insight-oriented whilst incorporating practical strategies that can be utilised in your daily life. I have been trained in CBT, psychodynamic psychotherapy, ACT/mindfulness & clinical hypnosis.
(03) 9068 6015 View (03) 9068 6015
Photo of Dr Zhi Xiang On, PsychD, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Dr Zhi Xiang On
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
As a clinical neuropsychologist, clinical forensic psychology registrar and board-approved supervisor, On is enthusiastic and compassionate, he emphasises values in creating a collaborative and safe therapeutic relationship to address each clients concerns. On’s approach involves integrating his knowledge in psychology, neurology and psychiatry. He utilises a comprehensive assessment process to make a sound diagnosis and adopts an individualised, strength-based treatment plan for his clients. On is also an LGBTQI-friendly practitioner. Back On Track Psychology also offers Speech Pathology and Occupational Therapy services.
As a clinical neuropsychologist, clinical forensic psychology registrar and board-approved supervisor, On is enthusiastic and compassionate, he emphasises values in creating a collaborative and safe therapeutic relationship to address each clients concerns. On’s approach involves integrating his knowledge in psychology, neurology and psychiatry. He utilises a comprehensive assessment process to make a sound diagnosis and adopts an individualised, strength-based treatment plan for his clients. On is also an LGBTQI-friendly practitioner. Back On Track Psychology also offers Speech Pathology and Occupational Therapy services.
(03) 9111 5374 View (03) 9111 5374
Photo of Santy Chen, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Santy Chen
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
I am a bilingual (English and Chinese) Mandarin speaking psychologist specialised in conducting psycho-educational assessments for children and adolescents with Specific Learning Disorders, Intellectual Disability and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Aside from conducting assessments, I also has extensive experience providing therapy to both children, adolescents, and adults. Prior to my return to Melbourne, I was the lead psychologist for a child rehabilitation clinic in Shanghai and has worked as a psychologist in various schools across Australia. WECHAT: newmindspsychology
I am a bilingual (English and Chinese) Mandarin speaking psychologist specialised in conducting psycho-educational assessments for children and adolescents with Specific Learning Disorders, Intellectual Disability and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Aside from conducting assessments, I also has extensive experience providing therapy to both children, adolescents, and adults. Prior to my return to Melbourne, I was the lead psychologist for a child rehabilitation clinic in Shanghai and has worked as a psychologist in various schools across Australia. WECHAT: newmindspsychology
(03) 9111 2674 View (03) 9111 2674
Photo of Jacqueline Crimmins - Crimmins Counselling and Consultancy, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Crimmins Counselling and Consultancy
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
It takes courage and honesty to decide that you are not satisfied with your life. You might know that you need change, but you are not quite sure what, or, how to go about it. Alternatively, you may have a very clear idea of what is getting in the way of you thriving. Perhaps you have found the last couple of years a challenge, or you are generally feeling a bit lost or confused having difficulty processing the impact of the pandemic on you, or your young people/person, or any other barrier/s. Regardless, we can work together to rediscover hope, purpose and joy in your life.
It takes courage and honesty to decide that you are not satisfied with your life. You might know that you need change, but you are not quite sure what, or, how to go about it. Alternatively, you may have a very clear idea of what is getting in the way of you thriving. Perhaps you have found the last couple of years a challenge, or you are generally feeling a bit lost or confused having difficulty processing the impact of the pandemic on you, or your young people/person, or any other barrier/s. Regardless, we can work together to rediscover hope, purpose and joy in your life.
(03) 7003 2980 View (03) 7003 2980
Photo of Bita Riazati - Bita Riazati - Anxiety, Relationships, OCD, MPsych, MAPS, Psychologist
Bita Riazati - Anxiety, Relationships, OCD
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
I am a Lacanian psychoanalyst. According to psychoanalysis how we were loved by our parents and family in our childhoods plays a significant role in shaping our adult relationships, from our hobbies and jobs to even how we feel physically in our bodies. Basically, the way we think about ourselves affects how we connect with others, often without us even noticing it.
I am a Lacanian psychoanalyst. According to psychoanalysis how we were loved by our parents and family in our childhoods plays a significant role in shaping our adult relationships, from our hobbies and jobs to even how we feel physically in our bodies. Basically, the way we think about ourselves affects how we connect with others, often without us even noticing it.
(03) 6145 0176 View (03) 6145 0176
Photo of Mercia Wessels, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Mercia Wessels
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
I work with adults and adolescents who want to stop repeating old patterns in their life and relationships. You're the one who is always there for others, but find it difficult to accept help in return. Your friends and loved ones reassure you, but you're plagued with a feeling that you don't really have much to offer. Self-doubt holds you back, and a constant battle with your inner critic leaves you exhausted. You've already worked really hard to try and make changes in your life, but frustratingly, your problems return and you keep struggling with feelings of emptiness and unfulfillment.
I work with adults and adolescents who want to stop repeating old patterns in their life and relationships. You're the one who is always there for others, but find it difficult to accept help in return. Your friends and loved ones reassure you, but you're plagued with a feeling that you don't really have much to offer. Self-doubt holds you back, and a constant battle with your inner critic leaves you exhausted. You've already worked really hard to try and make changes in your life, but frustratingly, your problems return and you keep struggling with feelings of emptiness and unfulfillment.
(03) 7003 2545 View (03) 7003 2545
Photo of Dr Justin Tomyn, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Justin Tomyn
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist with 10 years experience, including in a senior position in a dynamic public sector role at Eastern Health. I have a relaxed but professional approach. I work with adults and adolescents who are experiencing emotional difficulties such as anxiety, low mood and depression, life stress and adjustment difficulties, low self-esteem, self-criticism, trauma and chronic effects from adversity early in life (e.g., family separation, emotional abuse, bullying), ongoing family problems, relationship work & study problems, ADHD, and problems with addictive behaviours.
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist with 10 years experience, including in a senior position in a dynamic public sector role at Eastern Health. I have a relaxed but professional approach. I work with adults and adolescents who are experiencing emotional difficulties such as anxiety, low mood and depression, life stress and adjustment difficulties, low self-esteem, self-criticism, trauma and chronic effects from adversity early in life (e.g., family separation, emotional abuse, bullying), ongoing family problems, relationship work & study problems, ADHD, and problems with addictive behaviours.
(03) 7500 5783 View (03) 7500 5783
Photo of Helen Telfer, PACFA, Counsellor
Helen Telfer
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kew, VIC 3101
Better relationships are life giving but figuring out how to relate can be tricky. We oscillate between feeling connected, then disconnected and we often get stuck in a cycle of misunderstanding. Want to improve your interaction and be understood? Need help to address uncertainty and clarify need? Want insight into why you're getting stuck? Need help to brainstorm options and change the way you relate? We all struggle and we all have issues that we need to address, so let's do it... 0404 480 316
Better relationships are life giving but figuring out how to relate can be tricky. We oscillate between feeling connected, then disconnected and we often get stuck in a cycle of misunderstanding. Want to improve your interaction and be understood? Need help to address uncertainty and clarify need? Want insight into why you're getting stuck? Need help to brainstorm options and change the way you relate? We all struggle and we all have issues that we need to address, so let's do it... 0404 480 316
(08) 9126 9357 View (08) 9126 9357
Photo of Catherine Frater Clinical Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Catherine Frater Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
Catherine is a Clinical Psychologist with over 20 years experience working the psychology field. She currently provides therapy for adults 18+ for a variety of concerns. Some of her niche areas include the treatment of anxiety and relational dynamics with the self and others. She also commonly works with workplace stress, low self esteem, depression, excessive self criticism, reduced confidence, childhood impacts. She also provides therapy for personal growth and greater life fulfilment. She commonly provides therapy to other helping professionals, particularly therapists. She is a passionate and committed therapist.
Catherine is a Clinical Psychologist with over 20 years experience working the psychology field. She currently provides therapy for adults 18+ for a variety of concerns. Some of her niche areas include the treatment of anxiety and relational dynamics with the self and others. She also commonly works with workplace stress, low self esteem, depression, excessive self criticism, reduced confidence, childhood impacts. She also provides therapy for personal growth and greater life fulfilment. She commonly provides therapy to other helping professionals, particularly therapists. She is a passionate and committed therapist.
(03) 7003 2131 View (03) 7003 2131
Photo of Lillian Underhill, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Lillian Underhill
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
I have experience and am passionate about working with children, young people, and parents- in particular, I am interested in working with neurodiverse children and families and prioritise to adopt a neuro-affirming approach to my practice. Further areas of interest include working with clients experiencing depression, low mood and self-esteem issues, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation, and behavioural issues. I have experience with client’s who have experienced trauma (including family violence and other forms of interpersonal trauma)- as such, I ensure my practice is trauma informed and build a safe space for the clients.
I have experience and am passionate about working with children, young people, and parents- in particular, I am interested in working with neurodiverse children and families and prioritise to adopt a neuro-affirming approach to my practice. Further areas of interest include working with clients experiencing depression, low mood and self-esteem issues, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation, and behavioural issues. I have experience with client’s who have experienced trauma (including family violence and other forms of interpersonal trauma)- as such, I ensure my practice is trauma informed and build a safe space for the clients.
(03) 7003 2212 View (03) 7003 2212
Photo of Cristian Mcheileh - Hourglass Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Hourglass Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kew, VIC 3101
Appointments Available - book online at hourglasspsychology.com.au/appointments. I work with young people and adults treating anxiety, depression, grief, low self-esteem, adjustment difficulties, relationship issues, self-harming, addictions, stress, amongst other problems. I also have an interest in working with people across diverse sexuality, sex, and gender spectrums. I assist you to find practical solutions to your problems that fit within your lifestyle, values and personal investment, drawing on your strengths to create meaningful long-term change. I also work with your evolving goals, and offer guidance and support.
Appointments Available - book online at hourglasspsychology.com.au/appointments. I work with young people and adults treating anxiety, depression, grief, low self-esteem, adjustment difficulties, relationship issues, self-harming, addictions, stress, amongst other problems. I also have an interest in working with people across diverse sexuality, sex, and gender spectrums. I assist you to find practical solutions to your problems that fit within your lifestyle, values and personal investment, drawing on your strengths to create meaningful long-term change. I also work with your evolving goals, and offer guidance and support.
(03) 7003 2053 View (03) 7003 2053
Photo of Manuela Barichello, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Manuela Barichello
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
Manuela is a skilled psychologist with much experience in Community Health, Medical Centres and Education (Primary-Tertiary). She enjoys teaching her clients new skills, identify their strengths to reach their full potential. If you have suffered grief and loss, trauma, or anxiety/depression you can learn reframing and healing strategies to come to a resolution. If you have suffered inter-relational or situational problems you may benefit from learning emotional regulation and acceptance skills. Manuela will help you achieve the outcomes you want by tailoring therapy to meet your individual needs through effective goal setting.
Manuela is a skilled psychologist with much experience in Community Health, Medical Centres and Education (Primary-Tertiary). She enjoys teaching her clients new skills, identify their strengths to reach their full potential. If you have suffered grief and loss, trauma, or anxiety/depression you can learn reframing and healing strategies to come to a resolution. If you have suffered inter-relational or situational problems you may benefit from learning emotional regulation and acceptance skills. Manuela will help you achieve the outcomes you want by tailoring therapy to meet your individual needs through effective goal setting.
(03) 7003 2012 View (03) 7003 2012
Photo of Dawn Vincent, AMHSW, Counsellor
Dawn Vincent
Counsellor, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Kew, VIC 3101
Are you experiencing low mood, finding it hard to stop worrying and feeling dissatisfied with the quality of your relationships or unhappy with your personal or working life? With the busyness of our lives and the pressures and demands we all face daily, our emotional wellbeing is an area which can be neglected. However, there comes a time when we know that it is time to stop and take some action to turn our life around. Counselling with me can help you with the skills and strategies you need to make changes and choices which will allow you to find the satisfaction you seek in the key areas of your life.
Are you experiencing low mood, finding it hard to stop worrying and feeling dissatisfied with the quality of your relationships or unhappy with your personal or working life? With the busyness of our lives and the pressures and demands we all face daily, our emotional wellbeing is an area which can be neglected. However, there comes a time when we know that it is time to stop and take some action to turn our life around. Counselling with me can help you with the skills and strategies you need to make changes and choices which will allow you to find the satisfaction you seek in the key areas of your life.
(03) 9068 5948 View (03) 9068 5948
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Psychodynamic Counsellors

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.