Counselling in Canterbury, VIC

Photo of Elissa Moore - Moore Psychology, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Moore Psychology
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
In private practice Elissa works with clients who talk about having increased difficulty in coping with their daily lives for an array of reasons. Clients often say that they had been managing previously but additional stressors have been more than they could cope with on their own resulting in a deterioration in their overall mental health. Elissa also works with clients who want to understand themselves more deeply, in the hope of improving the relationship they have with themselves and others.
In private practice Elissa works with clients who talk about having increased difficulty in coping with their daily lives for an array of reasons. Clients often say that they had been managing previously but additional stressors have been more than they could cope with on their own resulting in a deterioration in their overall mental health. Elissa also works with clients who want to understand themselves more deeply, in the hope of improving the relationship they have with themselves and others.
(03) 7003 2570 View (03) 7003 2570
Photo of Wendy E Doyle - Better Way Psychology - Wendy Doyle, MA, Australian Association of Psychologists - Member, Psychologist
Better Way Psychology - Wendy Doyle
Psychologist, MA, Australian Association of Psychologists - Member
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
Heal, strengthen, and reconnect with your own energy to design the authentic and purposeful life you want. Many environments and life experiences steer us off track and leave us reliant on survival modes, unhelpful patterns, relationships or routines. I will use all my skills and knowledge to support and empower you to learn different ways to accept yourself, thrive and build healthy relationships with others. Every step you take to invest in yourself results in an equally powerful investment in those around you. "If not now, when?"
Heal, strengthen, and reconnect with your own energy to design the authentic and purposeful life you want. Many environments and life experiences steer us off track and leave us reliant on survival modes, unhelpful patterns, relationships or routines. I will use all my skills and knowledge to support and empower you to learn different ways to accept yourself, thrive and build healthy relationships with others. Every step you take to invest in yourself results in an equally powerful investment in those around you. "If not now, when?"
(03) 9069 9785 View (03) 9069 9785
Photo of Belinda Greig, MA, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Belinda Greig
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
I am specialist relationship therapist working with intimate relationships, to create change. I have a Masters Degree in Couples Counselling and have additional training in Gottman levels 1 and 2, and Emotionally Focussed Therapy (EFT). I work in Canterbury Vic, in person and via telehealth.
I am specialist relationship therapist working with intimate relationships, to create change. I have a Masters Degree in Couples Counselling and have additional training in Gottman levels 1 and 2, and Emotionally Focussed Therapy (EFT). I work in Canterbury Vic, in person and via telehealth.
(03) 7003 2403 View (03) 7003 2403
Photo of Tanja Ben-Meir, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Tanja Ben-Meir
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
I enjoy working with adults of all walks of life, and have gathered experience from young adults in high school settings, across the lifespan, even to the end-of-life stage. I work in a trauma-informed, client centered way integrating approaches from cognitive behavioural therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy, while also utilising experiential and mindful methods.
I enjoy working with adults of all walks of life, and have gathered experience from young adults in high school settings, across the lifespan, even to the end-of-life stage. I work in a trauma-informed, client centered way integrating approaches from cognitive behavioural therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy, while also utilising experiential and mindful methods.
(03) 9118 9020 View (03) 9118 9020
Photo of Gemma Louise Morley, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Gemma Louise Morley
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
I am a warm and approachable psychologist who creates a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment. My goal is to help you gain a deeper understanding of yourself, address your challenges, and make meaningful changes in your life. I believe in keeping our sessions relaxed and enjoyable. I love sharing a laugh with my clients as we navigate their journeys together. I have a particular interest in supporting adolescents, young adults and new parents.
I am a warm and approachable psychologist who creates a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment. My goal is to help you gain a deeper understanding of yourself, address your challenges, and make meaningful changes in your life. I believe in keeping our sessions relaxed and enjoyable. I love sharing a laugh with my clients as we navigate their journeys together. I have a particular interest in supporting adolescents, young adults and new parents.
(03) 7003 2182 View (03) 7003 2182
Photo of Rosemary Kamel, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Rosemary Kamel
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
Hello, I’m Rosemary and I’m a registered psychologist. During my time in private practice I have worked with a wide variety of clients primarily from young adults (18 years) to older adults (65+). Providing you with a non-judgmental, safe and engaging environment is my priority, to help you deal effectively with the challenges you are facing and developing skills and strategies to achieve your therapeutic goals.
Hello, I’m Rosemary and I’m a registered psychologist. During my time in private practice I have worked with a wide variety of clients primarily from young adults (18 years) to older adults (65+). Providing you with a non-judgmental, safe and engaging environment is my priority, to help you deal effectively with the challenges you are facing and developing skills and strategies to achieve your therapeutic goals.
(03) 7003 2911 View (03) 7003 2911
Photo of Helen Su, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Helen Su
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126  (Online Only)
Since starting my career in psychology in 2009, I have enjoyed worked with adults of all ages. Some of the issues that have been brought to therapy include interpersonal issues, family conflict, career/workplace issues, academic/study problems, grief, struggles with mood, motivation, identity, values and life transition. My clients come from all walks of life: tradies and warehouse personnel, students, retirees, teachers, fellow health professionals, stay-at-home moms, career women, new migrants, second generation Australians - all of who are just trying to navigate what mental health means to them and what they want out of life.
Since starting my career in psychology in 2009, I have enjoyed worked with adults of all ages. Some of the issues that have been brought to therapy include interpersonal issues, family conflict, career/workplace issues, academic/study problems, grief, struggles with mood, motivation, identity, values and life transition. My clients come from all walks of life: tradies and warehouse personnel, students, retirees, teachers, fellow health professionals, stay-at-home moms, career women, new migrants, second generation Australians - all of who are just trying to navigate what mental health means to them and what they want out of life.
0451 271 869 View 0451 271 869
Photo of Sandra Pucci, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Sandra Pucci
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
Sandra is an experienced bilingual clinical psychologist who sees different people from all walks of life, as circumstances bring many of us to therapy at different points or phases in life and for a variety of reasons. Sandra’s therapy setting provides a caring, not judgemental, supportive space where people can feel safe to express themselves and their inner feelings and where the person can have the experience to feel held in an accepting, respectful and empathetic way. This catharsis provides the individual with a freedom to unburden, relax and try to find a new stable foundation for a more fulfilling future and experiences.
Sandra is an experienced bilingual clinical psychologist who sees different people from all walks of life, as circumstances bring many of us to therapy at different points or phases in life and for a variety of reasons. Sandra’s therapy setting provides a caring, not judgemental, supportive space where people can feel safe to express themselves and their inner feelings and where the person can have the experience to feel held in an accepting, respectful and empathetic way. This catharsis provides the individual with a freedom to unburden, relax and try to find a new stable foundation for a more fulfilling future and experiences.
(03) 8797 5353 View (03) 8797 5353
Photo of Melissa Tso, PsychD, Psychologist
Melissa Tso
Psychologist, PsychD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canterbury, VIC 3126  (Online Only)
I am a registered psychologist, and have experience working with a variety of clients within public and private settings. I utilise a combination of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Mindfulness, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), and Psychodynamic- and Schema-informed therapy. I can assist with mood disorders (such as anxiety and depression), adjustment issues (including cultural issues), stress management (including improving emotional regulation, and impulsive and compulsive behaviours), interpersonal/relationship difficulties, and difficulties associated with perinatal mental health.
I am a registered psychologist, and have experience working with a variety of clients within public and private settings. I utilise a combination of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Mindfulness, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), and Psychodynamic- and Schema-informed therapy. I can assist with mood disorders (such as anxiety and depression), adjustment issues (including cultural issues), stress management (including improving emotional regulation, and impulsive and compulsive behaviours), interpersonal/relationship difficulties, and difficulties associated with perinatal mental health.
0492 893 856 View 0492 893 856
Photo of Stefanie Hagger, MA, ACA-L2, Psychotherapist
Stefanie Hagger
Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
Stress Therapy Australia currently provides counselling services for children, adolescents, and adults throughout the Boroondara and Yarra Ranges. I help you to set goals for therapy, safely explore, navigate and transition through overwhelming thoughts, feelings and behaviours, provide self regulation strategies and help with identifying and building healthier habits so you can begin to move towards the life you want to live.
Stress Therapy Australia currently provides counselling services for children, adolescents, and adults throughout the Boroondara and Yarra Ranges. I help you to set goals for therapy, safely explore, navigate and transition through overwhelming thoughts, feelings and behaviours, provide self regulation strategies and help with identifying and building healthier habits so you can begin to move towards the life you want to live.
(03) 7003 2921 View (03) 7003 2921
Photo of Christine Harding - Hargan Psychology, Assoc MAPS, Psychologist
Hargan Psychology
Psychologist, Assoc MAPS
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
At Hargan Psychology, we use a person-centred approach and support our clients to live their BEST life according to THEM! We pride ourselves on offering a warm and welcoming environment where clients can be assured of a safe space to explore their presenting concerns. Our psychologists will support you to become your best self.
At Hargan Psychology, we use a person-centred approach and support our clients to live their BEST life according to THEM! We pride ourselves on offering a warm and welcoming environment where clients can be assured of a safe space to explore their presenting concerns. Our psychologists will support you to become your best self.
(03) 9034 5924 View (03) 9034 5924
Photo of Dr Josie Sinni - Restoring Minds Psychology, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Dr Josie Sinni - Restoring Minds Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canterbury, VIC 3126
Hi, my name is Josie. I am a registered psychologist and a clinical neuropsychologist who provides therapy to individuals aged 16 and over. My therapeutic style is warm, collaborative, and supportive. I believe that a strong working relationship is necessary to create positive life change, and I therefore like to take the time to really get to know you. I value using evidence-based approaches to work with you to meet personally meaningful goals.
Hi, my name is Josie. I am a registered psychologist and a clinical neuropsychologist who provides therapy to individuals aged 16 and over. My therapeutic style is warm, collaborative, and supportive. I believe that a strong working relationship is necessary to create positive life change, and I therefore like to take the time to really get to know you. I value using evidence-based approaches to work with you to meet personally meaningful goals.
(03) 7003 2407 View (03) 7003 2407
Photo of Lillian Underhill, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Lillian Underhill
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
I have experience and am passionate about working with children, young people, and parents- in particular, I am interested in working with neurodiverse children and families and prioritise to adopt a neuro-affirming approach to my practice. Further areas of interest include working with clients experiencing depression, low mood and self-esteem issues, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation, and behavioural issues. I have experience with client’s who have experienced trauma (including family violence and other forms of interpersonal trauma)- as such, I ensure my practice is trauma informed and build a safe space for the clients.
I have experience and am passionate about working with children, young people, and parents- in particular, I am interested in working with neurodiverse children and families and prioritise to adopt a neuro-affirming approach to my practice. Further areas of interest include working with clients experiencing depression, low mood and self-esteem issues, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation, and behavioural issues. I have experience with client’s who have experienced trauma (including family violence and other forms of interpersonal trauma)- as such, I ensure my practice is trauma informed and build a safe space for the clients.
(03) 7003 2212 View (03) 7003 2212
Photo of Dominic Doyle, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dominic Doyle
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
Dr Dominic Doyle is a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist. Dominic has worked across a variety of mental health settings over many years. This has allowed Dominic to develop his expertise in providing talk therapy to adolescents (16+) and adults experiencing emotional difficulties.
Dr Dominic Doyle is a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist. Dominic has worked across a variety of mental health settings over many years. This has allowed Dominic to develop his expertise in providing talk therapy to adolescents (16+) and adults experiencing emotional difficulties.
(03) 7500 5569 View (03) 7500 5569
Photo of Danielle Dabley, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Danielle Dabley
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
Hello! My name is Dani and I am a friendly Clinical Psychologist and Certified Schema Therapist, who values the importance of building a trusted therapeutic partnership. I take an attentive approach in understanding your lived experience and work collaboratively with you to create a meaningful change in your life. I have extensive experience across multiple public hospitals in community mental health teams and crisis assessment teams, and have also worked in private hospital outpatient group programs.
Hello! My name is Dani and I am a friendly Clinical Psychologist and Certified Schema Therapist, who values the importance of building a trusted therapeutic partnership. I take an attentive approach in understanding your lived experience and work collaboratively with you to create a meaningful change in your life. I have extensive experience across multiple public hospitals in community mental health teams and crisis assessment teams, and have also worked in private hospital outpatient group programs.
(03) 7500 5807 View (03) 7500 5807
Photo of Dr Claire Fowler, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Claire Fowler
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canterbury, VIC 3126
I have a strong passion for psychology, mental health and well-being. With a warm, compassionate and collaborative approach, I work with clients to help them identify and address their well-being goals and to help them to build a life that feels worth living. I can help with discovering and shifting thoughts, feelings and behaviours that are creating difficulties across different areas of their lives.
I have a strong passion for psychology, mental health and well-being. With a warm, compassionate and collaborative approach, I work with clients to help them identify and address their well-being goals and to help them to build a life that feels worth living. I can help with discovering and shifting thoughts, feelings and behaviours that are creating difficulties across different areas of their lives.
(03) 9131 8787 View (03) 9131 8787
Photo of Catherine Frater Clinical Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Catherine Frater Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
Catherine is a Clinical Psychologist with over 20 years experience working the psychology field. She currently provides therapy for adults 18+ for a variety of concerns. Some of her niche areas include the treatment of anxiety and relational dynamics with the self and others. She also commonly works with workplace stress, low self esteem, depression, excessive self criticism, reduced confidence, childhood impacts. She also provides therapy for personal growth and greater life fulfilment. She commonly provides therapy to other helping professionals, particularly therapists. She is a passionate and committed therapist.
Catherine is a Clinical Psychologist with over 20 years experience working the psychology field. She currently provides therapy for adults 18+ for a variety of concerns. Some of her niche areas include the treatment of anxiety and relational dynamics with the self and others. She also commonly works with workplace stress, low self esteem, depression, excessive self criticism, reduced confidence, childhood impacts. She also provides therapy for personal growth and greater life fulfilment. She commonly provides therapy to other helping professionals, particularly therapists. She is a passionate and committed therapist.
(03) 7003 2131 View (03) 7003 2131
Photo of Dr Justin Tomyn, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Justin Tomyn
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist with 10 years experience, including in a senior position in a dynamic public sector role at Eastern Health. I have a relaxed but professional approach. I work with adults and adolescents who are experiencing emotional difficulties such as anxiety, low mood and depression, life stress and adjustment difficulties, low self-esteem, self-criticism, trauma and chronic effects from adversity early in life (e.g., family separation, emotional abuse, bullying), ongoing family problems, relationship work & study problems, ADHD, and problems with addictive behaviours.
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist with 10 years experience, including in a senior position in a dynamic public sector role at Eastern Health. I have a relaxed but professional approach. I work with adults and adolescents who are experiencing emotional difficulties such as anxiety, low mood and depression, life stress and adjustment difficulties, low self-esteem, self-criticism, trauma and chronic effects from adversity early in life (e.g., family separation, emotional abuse, bullying), ongoing family problems, relationship work & study problems, ADHD, and problems with addictive behaviours.
(03) 7500 5783 View (03) 7500 5783
Photo of Andrew Keswick, PACFA, Counsellor
Andrew Keswick
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canterbury, VIC 3126
I firmly believe in an individuals’ inherent inclination towards happiness and their capacity to realise it. I see my role as being fully present and engaged with my client throughout our sessions. I prioritise my client’s boundaries and autonomy and sincerely desire to comprehend their perspective. I approach my work with a personal touch, fuelled by a genuine care for people. I bring with me an honest, transparent, and warm demeanour to create a supportive environment. All of course, with a dose of good humour.
I firmly believe in an individuals’ inherent inclination towards happiness and their capacity to realise it. I see my role as being fully present and engaged with my client throughout our sessions. I prioritise my client’s boundaries and autonomy and sincerely desire to comprehend their perspective. I approach my work with a personal touch, fuelled by a genuine care for people. I bring with me an honest, transparent, and warm demeanour to create a supportive environment. All of course, with a dose of good humour.
(03) 7500 5065 View (03) 7500 5065
Photo of Michelle Seelig, MA, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Michelle Seelig
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Canterbury, VIC 3126  (Online Only)
I work with midlife women to help them overcome people-pleasing, anxiety, depression and burnout so they can bring more meaning, purpose and joy to the next chapter of their life. Are you...Questioning life choices? Experiencing high levels of anxiety? Feeling stuck in a rut and believing nothing will change? Dissatisfied with your work or career? Struggling with your relationship? Getting back on your feet after divorce or adjusting to separation? Concerned about your health? Regretful about goals not yet achieved? Fearful of ageing?
I work with midlife women to help them overcome people-pleasing, anxiety, depression and burnout so they can bring more meaning, purpose and joy to the next chapter of their life. Are you...Questioning life choices? Experiencing high levels of anxiety? Feeling stuck in a rut and believing nothing will change? Dissatisfied with your work or career? Struggling with your relationship? Getting back on your feet after divorce or adjusting to separation? Concerned about your health? Regretful about goals not yet achieved? Fearful of ageing?
(03) 7500 5948 View (03) 7500 5948

See more therapy options for Canterbury

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Canterbury, VIC

20+

Average cost per session

$205

Counsellors in Canterbury, VIC who prioritize treating:

90% Depression
90% Anxiety
81% Stress
76% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
67% Parenting

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Medicare Rebates
45% Bupa
27% Other

How Counsellors in Canterbury, VIC see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Canterbury?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.