Dialectical Behaviour (DBT) Counselling in Darwin City, NT
If you are looking for non-judgemental and compassionate help to solve personal problems, Gregory Goodluck is an insightful and caring, counsellor with over 25 years professional counselling experience. A skilfull and fully registered Psychologist and Social Worker with a wide range of useful strategies for mental health challenges - large and small - Gregory appropriately applies an array of empowering solutions. Cognitive, Behavioural, Narrative and Mindfulness based approaches including ACT and DBT. Relaxation, hypnosis, stress reduction, problem solving, analytical and bio-psycho-social-cultural-spiritual perspectives apply.
If you are looking for non-judgemental and compassionate help to solve personal problems, Gregory Goodluck is an insightful and caring, counsellor with over 25 years professional counselling experience. A skilfull and fully registered Psychologist and Social Worker with a wide range of useful strategies for mental health challenges - large and small - Gregory appropriately applies an array of empowering solutions. Cognitive, Behavioural, Narrative and Mindfulness based approaches including ACT and DBT. Relaxation, hypnosis, stress reduction, problem solving, analytical and bio-psycho-social-cultural-spiritual perspectives apply.
Hannah provides tailored advice and evidence-based interventions which draw upon techniques from Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Client-Centred Counselling and Motivational Interviewing.
Hannah is both Australian and New Zealand Māori psychologist (Ngāi Tahu and Ngāti Kahungunu). After moving from New Zealand, Hannah spent a significant portion of her career working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Hannah's work across both countries enables her to provide a culturally safe space for effective and enjoyable therapy. Hannah works with adolescents and adults across a range of issues, and have a special interest in post traumatic stress disorder, abuse, borderline personality disorder, unexplained medical symptoms, anxiety, depression, eating disorders and relationship difficulties.
Hannah provides tailored advice and evidence-based interventions which draw upon techniques from Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Client-Centred Counselling and Motivational Interviewing.
Hannah is both Australian and New Zealand Māori psychologist (Ngāi Tahu and Ngāti Kahungunu). After moving from New Zealand, Hannah spent a significant portion of her career working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Hannah's work across both countries enables her to provide a culturally safe space for effective and enjoyable therapy. Hannah works with adolescents and adults across a range of issues, and have a special interest in post traumatic stress disorder, abuse, borderline personality disorder, unexplained medical symptoms, anxiety, depression, eating disorders and relationship difficulties.
Hannah Kayla Le Leu
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Darwin City, NT 0800 (Online Only)
I work with children, teens and adults! I am trained in: Schema Therapy (ST), Motivational Interviewing (MI), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Play Therapy (PT).
I am the founder of Talk it Through Psychology which is 100% telehealth. I am neurodivergent and operate from a neuro-affirming framework, meaning that I understand the importance of tailoring all therapies and strategies to work for different brain types. I absolutely love working with people’s strengths and passions and being able to connect with clients through shared passions, which we can also incorporate into therapy! I can help you with: depression, anxiety, trauma, phobias, OCD and co-occurring mental health struggles from being neurodivergent (such as autistic burnout). I also offer affirming autism and ADHD assessments.
I work with children, teens and adults! I am trained in: Schema Therapy (ST), Motivational Interviewing (MI), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Play Therapy (PT).
I am the founder of Talk it Through Psychology which is 100% telehealth. I am neurodivergent and operate from a neuro-affirming framework, meaning that I understand the importance of tailoring all therapies and strategies to work for different brain types. I absolutely love working with people’s strengths and passions and being able to connect with clients through shared passions, which we can also incorporate into therapy! I can help you with: depression, anxiety, trauma, phobias, OCD and co-occurring mental health struggles from being neurodivergent (such as autistic burnout). I also offer affirming autism and ADHD assessments.
I hold expertise in a range of psychological interventions including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT).
I'm be the right fit for you if you're feeling overwhelmed by stress, depression, anxiety, or challenging relationships. I can also help if you’re struggling to navigate personal identity or feeling like an imposter in your own life. Bulk billing is available for clients with a Mental Health Treatment Plan (GP referral).
I hold expertise in a range of psychological interventions including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT).
I'm be the right fit for you if you're feeling overwhelmed by stress, depression, anxiety, or challenging relationships. I can also help if you’re struggling to navigate personal identity or feeling like an imposter in your own life. Bulk billing is available for clients with a Mental Health Treatment Plan (GP referral).
Dr Reza Nejad -Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Darwin City, NT 0800
I am a certified and credentialed clinician in eating disorders, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT).
I am a registered clinical psychologist with over 24 years of experience working with individuals with anxiety, depression and trauma. I hold a Doctoral Degree in Clinical Psychology at the University of Adelaide as well as Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees in psychology. I can assist you with a range of presenting issues including depression, anxiety, stress management, trauma, adjustment difficulties, anger management, bullying and harassment, self-esteem issues, self-development, ADHD, eating disorder, OCD, body image issues, couple therapy and grief.
I am a certified and credentialed clinician in eating disorders, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT).
I am a registered clinical psychologist with over 24 years of experience working with individuals with anxiety, depression and trauma. I hold a Doctoral Degree in Clinical Psychology at the University of Adelaide as well as Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees in psychology. I can assist you with a range of presenting issues including depression, anxiety, stress management, trauma, adjustment difficulties, anger management, bullying and harassment, self-esteem issues, self-development, ADHD, eating disorder, OCD, body image issues, couple therapy and grief.
Malleable Minds - Lisa Nguyen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Darwin City, NT 0800 (Online Only)
I am an Accredited Cognitive Processing Therapy Provider, also incorporate Dialectical Behaviour Therapy and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in my approaches.
I recognise that individuals are the experts in their own lives and I work collaboratively to address the challenges they encounter. I provide focused psychological strategies to address a range of mental health concerns, specialising in Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, Emotion Dysregulation, Stress, Interpersonal Conflict (relationship and family), Adjustment Issues, Grief and Loss and Asian Australian Mental Health. Acknowledging that therapy can be a challenging experience for some, I approach each session with awareness and understanding.
I am an Accredited Cognitive Processing Therapy Provider, also incorporate Dialectical Behaviour Therapy and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in my approaches.
I recognise that individuals are the experts in their own lives and I work collaboratively to address the challenges they encounter. I provide focused psychological strategies to address a range of mental health concerns, specialising in Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, Emotion Dysregulation, Stress, Interpersonal Conflict (relationship and family), Adjustment Issues, Grief and Loss and Asian Australian Mental Health. Acknowledging that therapy can be a challenging experience for some, I approach each session with awareness and understanding.
Carolyn Vickers
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Darwin City, NT 0800 (Online Only)
I have expertise in providing Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy.
Are you needing counselling support because you’re feeling depressed, anxious or stressed? Or perhaps you want to improve your quality of life through improvements in your confidence, self esteem or relationships? Or are you having problems with motivation or sleep?
I have expertise in providing Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy.
Are you needing counselling support because you’re feeling depressed, anxious or stressed? Or perhaps you want to improve your quality of life through improvements in your confidence, self esteem or relationships? Or are you having problems with motivation or sleep?
Sharleen Gonzalez
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Darwin City, NT 0800 (Online Only)
I draw primarily on techniques from cognitive behaviour therapy, schema therapy, internal family systems (IFS) and dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT).
I'm a clinical psychologist who works with all groups (18+) on a diverse range of mental health issues, I have a particular interest in trauma, grief, relationship issues, depression, life transitions (such as separation), personality disorders (such as helping individuals who are struggling with borderline personality disorder traits or helping people manage difficult relationship with individuals with narcissistic traits or helping individuals who have suffered narcissistic abuse), multicultural / culturally and linguistically diverse populations, and helping people who are struggling with sexual difficulties or dysfunction.
I draw primarily on techniques from cognitive behaviour therapy, schema therapy, internal family systems (IFS) and dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT).
I'm a clinical psychologist who works with all groups (18+) on a diverse range of mental health issues, I have a particular interest in trauma, grief, relationship issues, depression, life transitions (such as separation), personality disorders (such as helping individuals who are struggling with borderline personality disorder traits or helping people manage difficult relationship with individuals with narcissistic traits or helping individuals who have suffered narcissistic abuse), multicultural / culturally and linguistically diverse populations, and helping people who are struggling with sexual difficulties or dysfunction.
If you'd like a psychologist who will work collaboratively with you, offering evidence-based therapies like CBT, DBT, or Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT).
Are you seeking help for Bipolar Disorder? You may be feeling overwhelmed by the highs and lows of your moods—sometimes filled with energy, creativity, and confidence, only to later crash into feelings of exhaustion, sadness, or despair. These mood swings might be affecting your relationships, work, and everyday life, leaving you feeling out of control and uncertain about how to manage.s Perhaps your looking for support in understanding your mood patterns, gaining stability, and finding practical strategies to manage your Bipolar Disorder?
If you'd like a psychologist who will work collaboratively with you, offering evidence-based therapies like CBT, DBT, or Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT).
Are you seeking help for Bipolar Disorder? You may be feeling overwhelmed by the highs and lows of your moods—sometimes filled with energy, creativity, and confidence, only to later crash into feelings of exhaustion, sadness, or despair. These mood swings might be affecting your relationships, work, and everyday life, leaving you feeling out of control and uncertain about how to manage.s Perhaps your looking for support in understanding your mood patterns, gaining stability, and finding practical strategies to manage your Bipolar Disorder?
Brendan Lowe
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Darwin City, NT 0800 (Online Only)
I utilise a variety of approaches including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Schema Therapy, and exposure based approaches to trauma including Prolonged Exposure and Cognitive Processing Therapy.
I am a clinical psychologist that enjoys working clinically with a diverse range of groups, however, my main areas of experience and expertise are with trauma, including PTSD and Complex-PTSD and personality disorders, specifically those who are managing difficult relationships with narcissistic or high conflict personalities, and individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder. Additionally, I work across areas including anxiety, depression, domestic violence, and grief.
I utilise a variety of approaches including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Schema Therapy, and exposure based approaches to trauma including Prolonged Exposure and Cognitive Processing Therapy.
I am a clinical psychologist that enjoys working clinically with a diverse range of groups, however, my main areas of experience and expertise are with trauma, including PTSD and Complex-PTSD and personality disorders, specifically those who are managing difficult relationships with narcissistic or high conflict personalities, and individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder. Additionally, I work across areas including anxiety, depression, domestic violence, and grief.
The PTSD Clinic Psychologists are a phone call away to guide you through your healing journey using research and evidence based techniques such as CBT, Mindfulness, DBT, ACT, EMDR and Self Empowerment Therapy which assists to regulate discrepancies within the self in a structured, non judgmental and goal oriented approach.
The PTSD Clinic is a private specialist clinic operating in ACT, Victoria, NSW, QLD, NT & WA with experienced Psychologists and Consultants who are skilled in treating the broad spectrum of psychological disorders including trauma resulting from car and work accidents ie, PTSD, Relationship and Family issues, NPD, Depression, Anxiety etc. A GP referral is required for Medicare rebates. We also conduct Expert Reports in Family Law, Criminal Law, Personal Injury and other Medico-legal proceedings,
The PTSD Clinic Psychologists are a phone call away to guide you through your healing journey using research and evidence based techniques such as CBT, Mindfulness, DBT, ACT, EMDR and Self Empowerment Therapy which assists to regulate discrepancies within the self in a structured, non judgmental and goal oriented approach.
The PTSD Clinic is a private specialist clinic operating in ACT, Victoria, NSW, QLD, NT & WA with experienced Psychologists and Consultants who are skilled in treating the broad spectrum of psychological disorders including trauma resulting from car and work accidents ie, PTSD, Relationship and Family issues, NPD, Depression, Anxiety etc. A GP referral is required for Medicare rebates. We also conduct Expert Reports in Family Law, Criminal Law, Personal Injury and other Medico-legal proceedings,
15 Second Videos
Gregory D. Goodluck
Hannah Orpin
Tim Murray
Reza Nejad -Clinical Psychologist
Sharleen Gonzalez
Brendan Lowe
Susanne McAllister
Carly Dober
Christine. South East. Adolescent Mental Health. Relationship Counselling.
Harriet Jane Wilson Iles
Access Health Online BULK BiLLING (Telehealth)
Jessica Connell
Thrive within Counselling & Psychotherapy
Paths with Purpose
Creating Wellbeing Melbourne
I utilise a combination of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Mindfulness, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), and Psychodynamic- and Schema-informed therapy. I can assist with mood disorders (such as anxiety and depression), adjustment issues (including cultural issues), stress management (including improving emotional regulation, and impulsive and compulsive behaviours), interpersonal/relationship difficulties, and difficulties associated with perinatal mental health.
I utilise a combination of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Mindfulness, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), and Psychodynamic- and Schema-informed therapy. I can assist with mood disorders (such as anxiety and depression), adjustment issues (including cultural issues), stress management (including improving emotional regulation, and impulsive and compulsive behaviours), interpersonal/relationship difficulties, and difficulties associated with perinatal mental health.
Therapeutic approaches I find helpful in my work: EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Somatic Psychotherapy (including Emotional Freedom Techniques), Emotionally Focused Therapy, Gottman Couples Therapy.
I am a registered psychologist, who provides trauma-informed, inclusive, supportive, safe, and non-judgemental support for adolescents and adults. In therapy I try to achieve strengths and values-based empowerment for my clients. I work with clients who pay privately, have a Mental Health Care Plan, DVA card, clients on WorkCover (QLD, NSW, VIC), Compulsory Third Party Insurance QLD and Transport and Accident Commission VIC, NDIS participants who are self- or plan managed. I work with new mothers/parents to support their mental health (pre-/postnatal depression, anxiety, birth trauma, other mental health difficulties).
Therapeutic approaches I find helpful in my work: EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Somatic Psychotherapy (including Emotional Freedom Techniques), Emotionally Focused Therapy, Gottman Couples Therapy.
I am a registered psychologist, who provides trauma-informed, inclusive, supportive, safe, and non-judgemental support for adolescents and adults. In therapy I try to achieve strengths and values-based empowerment for my clients. I work with clients who pay privately, have a Mental Health Care Plan, DVA card, clients on WorkCover (QLD, NSW, VIC), Compulsory Third Party Insurance QLD and Transport and Accident Commission VIC, NDIS participants who are self- or plan managed. I work with new mothers/parents to support their mental health (pre-/postnatal depression, anxiety, birth trauma, other mental health difficulties).
My team and I are dedicated to helping clients improve their relationships, outlook on life and overall wellbeing and offer a setting that is accepting, caring, safe and private. My deep commitment is supporting clients in developing the confidence, resilience and insight necessary to transition through life’s challenges with genuinely positive outcomes. The experience of my own private counselling practice, delivery of mental health programs in rural and remote areas of Australia, and conducting psychotherapy services for a significant regional Employee Assistance Program enables me to reach out to people from all walks of life.
My team and I are dedicated to helping clients improve their relationships, outlook on life and overall wellbeing and offer a setting that is accepting, caring, safe and private. My deep commitment is supporting clients in developing the confidence, resilience and insight necessary to transition through life’s challenges with genuinely positive outcomes. The experience of my own private counselling practice, delivery of mental health programs in rural and remote areas of Australia, and conducting psychotherapy services for a significant regional Employee Assistance Program enables me to reach out to people from all walks of life.
Feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? Whether you're dealing with addiction, stress, anxiety, depression, or past traumas, you're not alone. I'm here to work with you through these tough times, offering practical support and strategies to help you find your way. Let's tackle these issues together and discover paths to meaningful change and growth.
Feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? Whether you're dealing with addiction, stress, anxiety, depression, or past traumas, you're not alone. I'm here to work with you through these tough times, offering practical support and strategies to help you find your way. Let's tackle these issues together and discover paths to meaningful change and growth.
Very Helpful Chats offers ADHD & Autism assessments, mental health treatment, counselling, occupational therapy, ADHD coaching, and social-therapeutic groups to the neurodivergent community. We are an online telehealth-only service. Our team is made up of neurodivergent, neuro-affirming, gender diverse, and queer/LGBTIQA+ health professionals.
Very Helpful Chats offers ADHD & Autism assessments, mental health treatment, counselling, occupational therapy, ADHD coaching, and social-therapeutic groups to the neurodivergent community. We are an online telehealth-only service. Our team is made up of neurodivergent, neuro-affirming, gender diverse, and queer/LGBTIQA+ health professionals.
Debra (Deb) Kaita Kakiiza
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Darwin City, NT 0800 (Online Only)
Deb is a registered psychologist with a Masters in Counselling Psychology and a Masters in Grief and Loss, as well as Bachelor of Psychology (Honours) and a Bachelor of Counselling. Deb is experiences working with a wide range of people and she values Telehealth as it increases access to psychological support for everyone. Deb works with anyone aged 16 years and older experiencing life challenges such as: anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, life transition, grief and loss, relationship difficulties, family violence, career and work challenges, study-related difficulties and substance use.
Deb is a registered psychologist with a Masters in Counselling Psychology and a Masters in Grief and Loss, as well as Bachelor of Psychology (Honours) and a Bachelor of Counselling. Deb is experiences working with a wide range of people and she values Telehealth as it increases access to psychological support for everyone. Deb works with anyone aged 16 years and older experiencing life challenges such as: anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, life transition, grief and loss, relationship difficulties, family violence, career and work challenges, study-related difficulties and substance use.
Danka Fiedor Psychology Emdr Emdr 2.0 And Emdr Intensive Extended Sessions
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Darwin City, NT 0800
Danka Fiedor Psychology is offering integrated and customised to client needs therapy such as EMDR & EMDR 2.0 & EMDR Intensives for individuals and couples & Attachment Informed EMDR & "parts work" & Gottman Method Workers Compensation/CTP (SIRA) & Safe and Sound Protocol (SSP). Each service is tailored using a strength-based approach to treatment to help you manage any issues including stress, depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD/cPTSD, Bipolar Disorder, Eating Disorders, OCD, Adult ADHD, phobias and performance anxiety, self-esteem and life’s challenges.
Danka Fiedor Psychology is offering integrated and customised to client needs therapy such as EMDR & EMDR 2.0 & EMDR Intensives for individuals and couples & Attachment Informed EMDR & "parts work" & Gottman Method Workers Compensation/CTP (SIRA) & Safe and Sound Protocol (SSP). Each service is tailored using a strength-based approach to treatment to help you manage any issues including stress, depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD/cPTSD, Bipolar Disorder, Eating Disorders, OCD, Adult ADHD, phobias and performance anxiety, self-esteem and life’s challenges.
I help with anxiety, trauma, PTSD, CPTSD, depression, addiction, grief, and mental health with EMDR, Mindfulness, CBT, and Amino Acid Therapy. This will not only ease symptoms but fundamentally change your life's experience. These methods promise more than healing; they open a door to newfound happiness, energy, and a profound sense of well-being. With Telehealth, access this personalised path from any location, blending convenience with deep, meaningful change. This journey is about rediscovering your inner strength and embracing life with renewed purpose, optimism and reconnected with joy in your daily life.
I help with anxiety, trauma, PTSD, CPTSD, depression, addiction, grief, and mental health with EMDR, Mindfulness, CBT, and Amino Acid Therapy. This will not only ease symptoms but fundamentally change your life's experience. These methods promise more than healing; they open a door to newfound happiness, energy, and a profound sense of well-being. With Telehealth, access this personalised path from any location, blending convenience with deep, meaningful change. This journey is about rediscovering your inner strength and embracing life with renewed purpose, optimism and reconnected with joy in your daily life.
Emma Fallon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Darwin City, NT 0800 (Online Only)
My passion is working with Queer and Neurodivergent communities. I used my lived experience to bring understanding, empathy and patience to the therapeutic space. If you have had trouble in the past being put into boxes that don’t define you, or are wanting a more accepting and flexible therapeutic approach outside of CBT, then I might be the person for you. I want to support people in their journey to discover their authentic selves, and give some mental health tips and tricks along the way.
My passion is working with Queer and Neurodivergent communities. I used my lived experience to bring understanding, empathy and patience to the therapeutic space. If you have had trouble in the past being put into boxes that don’t define you, or are wanting a more accepting and flexible therapeutic approach outside of CBT, then I might be the person for you. I want to support people in their journey to discover their authentic selves, and give some mental health tips and tricks along the way.
See more therapy options for Darwin City
Nearby Searches for Darwin City
See More CounsellorsDialectical Behaviour (DBT) Counsellors
Who is DBT for?
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.
Why do people need DBT?
The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behaviour and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.
What happens in DBT?
Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behaviour, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.
How long does DBT last?
Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioural change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behaviour; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.