Counselling in Sutherland, NSW

Photo of Jocelyn Koukoumas, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Jocelyn Koukoumas
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
I am an affordable Registered Counsellor/EAP Provider/I-Care and Victims Services Counsellor with experience spanning many years, I help clients manage Childhood & Adult Trauma, Anxiety throughout the lifespan, Stress, Grief/Loss, Depression, Self-Esteem, Impulse Control, Anger Management, Relationship Problems & Distorted Thinking. I work with empathy, respect and especially without judgment by providing a safe and warm environment in which to discuss what's causing the worry. I use a Person Centred, Strength Based and Trauma Informed Approach to tackle the current challenges and any distressing symptoms that is being experienced.
I am an affordable Registered Counsellor/EAP Provider/I-Care and Victims Services Counsellor with experience spanning many years, I help clients manage Childhood & Adult Trauma, Anxiety throughout the lifespan, Stress, Grief/Loss, Depression, Self-Esteem, Impulse Control, Anger Management, Relationship Problems & Distorted Thinking. I work with empathy, respect and especially without judgment by providing a safe and warm environment in which to discuss what's causing the worry. I use a Person Centred, Strength Based and Trauma Informed Approach to tackle the current challenges and any distressing symptoms that is being experienced.
(02) 8074 3566 View (02) 8074 3566
Photo of Anna Lagana, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Anna Lagana
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
I enjoy working with clients who want to rebuild their sense of self and overcome difficulties of the past or present. My particular interests are supporting teenagers and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, relationships concerns, building confidence and self esteem to lead a happy and meaningful life. If you want to learn tools and strategies to better manage your concerns or just have a listening ear to make sense of your difficulties, I will ensure you will feel heard and supported. I believe in the importance of the therapeutic relationship and I am not afraid to be a little humorous where appropriate.
I enjoy working with clients who want to rebuild their sense of self and overcome difficulties of the past or present. My particular interests are supporting teenagers and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, relationships concerns, building confidence and self esteem to lead a happy and meaningful life. If you want to learn tools and strategies to better manage your concerns or just have a listening ear to make sense of your difficulties, I will ensure you will feel heard and supported. I believe in the importance of the therapeutic relationship and I am not afraid to be a little humorous where appropriate.
(02) 7501 1745 View (02) 7501 1745
Photo of Adam Finch, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Adam Finch
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sutherland, NSW 2232
I'm a Clinical Psychologist with over 18 years experience across private and public mental health settings. I provide therapy for people aged 15+ and draw from a range of approaches, including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Schema Therapy and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy to suit the individual's needs. My therapy involves developing a clear understanding of the origins of psychological patterns as well as skill-based strategies for meeting personal goals in the here and now.
I'm a Clinical Psychologist with over 18 years experience across private and public mental health settings. I provide therapy for people aged 15+ and draw from a range of approaches, including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Schema Therapy and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy to suit the individual's needs. My therapy involves developing a clear understanding of the origins of psychological patterns as well as skill-based strategies for meeting personal goals in the here and now.
(02) 4214 4833 View (02) 4214 4833
Photo of Sonya Bradford - Envision Psychology, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Envision Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
I support clients to navigate life changes, grief, stressful events, trauma, relationship & parenting challenges. I help to empower clients to become aware and 'befriend' their anxious responses to stress, in order to re-learn how to experience life through a calmer and more confident self. I help clients learn to regulate their nervous system through evidence-based modalities, such as mindfulness, acceptance & commitment therapy & internal family systems. Clients are assisted to improve problem solving, communicating needs in relationships more positively and help with unhealthy coping habits.
I support clients to navigate life changes, grief, stressful events, trauma, relationship & parenting challenges. I help to empower clients to become aware and 'befriend' their anxious responses to stress, in order to re-learn how to experience life through a calmer and more confident self. I help clients learn to regulate their nervous system through evidence-based modalities, such as mindfulness, acceptance & commitment therapy & internal family systems. Clients are assisted to improve problem solving, communicating needs in relationships more positively and help with unhealthy coping habits.
(02) 7501 1070 View (02) 7501 1070
Photo of Ola Majewska, MA, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Ola Majewska
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232  (Online Only)
Do you feel overwhelmed, exhausted, or lost in your day-to-day life? Do you find each day a challenge but any change rather terrifying? Do you often feel judged or misunderstood by others? Are you stuck in behaviour patterns that prevent you from finding satisfaction in life and relationships? Do societal or family expectations make you feel pressured to conform, leading to feelings of isolation or harsh self-criticism? I hear you and understand your struggles. You don't have to face them alone. Together, we can explore how your experiences impact your sense of self, worth, and belonging.
Do you feel overwhelmed, exhausted, or lost in your day-to-day life? Do you find each day a challenge but any change rather terrifying? Do you often feel judged or misunderstood by others? Are you stuck in behaviour patterns that prevent you from finding satisfaction in life and relationships? Do societal or family expectations make you feel pressured to conform, leading to feelings of isolation or harsh self-criticism? I hear you and understand your struggles. You don't have to face them alone. Together, we can explore how your experiences impact your sense of self, worth, and belonging.
(02) 9100 0557 View (02) 9100 0557
Photo of Michelle Broekhuyse, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Michelle Broekhuyse
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
I'm a registered psychologist who is passionate about ensuring my clients feel heard, validated, and respected, whilst empowering them to utilise their strengths and make changes to achieve a more fulfilling life. I have a gentle therapeutic style and work collaboratively, tailoring my treatment specifically for every client.
I'm a registered psychologist who is passionate about ensuring my clients feel heard, validated, and respected, whilst empowering them to utilise their strengths and make changes to achieve a more fulfilling life. I have a gentle therapeutic style and work collaboratively, tailoring my treatment specifically for every client.
(02) 7501 1203 View (02) 7501 1203
Photo of Dr Gávi Ansara, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Dr Gávi Ansara
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working together to overcome oppression & help you to thrive. I often work with people in D/s relationships, non-binary folks, sex workers, & autistic people. I have 20 years of international experience in Anti-Oppressive Practice. I am a Full Clinical PACFA Registrant, an AAFT-registered Clinical Family Therapist, and an AAFT-accredited Clinical Supervisor. I am recognised by Pink Therapy as an Advanced Accredited Gender, Sex, & Relationship Diversities Therapist (AAGSRDT). I am also a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional Level II: Complex Trauma & Dissociation (CCTP-II) & Certified Family Trauma Professional (CFTP).
I enjoy working together to overcome oppression & help you to thrive. I often work with people in D/s relationships, non-binary folks, sex workers, & autistic people. I have 20 years of international experience in Anti-Oppressive Practice. I am a Full Clinical PACFA Registrant, an AAFT-registered Clinical Family Therapist, and an AAFT-accredited Clinical Supervisor. I am recognised by Pink Therapy as an Advanced Accredited Gender, Sex, & Relationship Diversities Therapist (AAGSRDT). I am also a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional Level II: Complex Trauma & Dissociation (CCTP-II) & Certified Family Trauma Professional (CFTP).
(03) 7003 2148 View (03) 7003 2148
Photo of David Troup, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
David Troup
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
David Troup is the Principal Clinical Psychologist of Here Comes The Sun Psychology Clinic. He is passionate about understanding the personal experiences of his clients and providing evidenced-based treatments that are tailored to their needs, strengths and values. He has developed experience with treating a wide range of mental health conditions from years of working in public health, at an outpatient drug and alcohol clinic and community mental health clinic. David also has experience in a private hospital setting where he provided group CBT for mood and anxiety disorders and a DBT-based group for a range of conditions.
David Troup is the Principal Clinical Psychologist of Here Comes The Sun Psychology Clinic. He is passionate about understanding the personal experiences of his clients and providing evidenced-based treatments that are tailored to their needs, strengths and values. He has developed experience with treating a wide range of mental health conditions from years of working in public health, at an outpatient drug and alcohol clinic and community mental health clinic. David also has experience in a private hospital setting where he provided group CBT for mood and anxiety disorders and a DBT-based group for a range of conditions.
(02) 7501 1075 View (02) 7501 1075
Photo of Brittany Van de Straat - Tender Studio Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Tender Studio Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sutherland, NSW 2232
A heartfelt psychology practice for those who have felt themselves drowning beneath the expectations of the world (and the expectations of themselves); for those who can distract themselves from overthinking and unfulfilled dreams in the day, but in the quiet of the night, find themselves wondering if they will ever feel content. Psychology for us is less about a diagnosis and more about being able to show up exactly as you are. Tender Studio is a safe and peaceful space, focused on helping you slow down in order to find comfort, hope, and self-compassion in the complexities and messiness of life.
A heartfelt psychology practice for those who have felt themselves drowning beneath the expectations of the world (and the expectations of themselves); for those who can distract themselves from overthinking and unfulfilled dreams in the day, but in the quiet of the night, find themselves wondering if they will ever feel content. Psychology for us is less about a diagnosis and more about being able to show up exactly as you are. Tender Studio is a safe and peaceful space, focused on helping you slow down in order to find comfort, hope, and self-compassion in the complexities and messiness of life.
(02) 9538 7549 View (02) 9538 7549
Photo of Kathleen Chew - Open Skies Art Therapy
Open Skies Art Therapy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sutherland, NSW 2232
I work as an art psychotherapist with adults and children that have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, health related issues and have worked in community contexts to support parents and their children. Sometimes it can be hard to express our experiences verbally and working through creative means can help us gain an understanding of ourselves and enable us to express and find emotional relief for issues that might otherwise seem overwhelming. It provides a way of expressing our inner world without the need for words. Art therapy is suitable for all ages and requires no prior artistic skills.
I work as an art psychotherapist with adults and children that have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, health related issues and have worked in community contexts to support parents and their children. Sometimes it can be hard to express our experiences verbally and working through creative means can help us gain an understanding of ourselves and enable us to express and find emotional relief for issues that might otherwise seem overwhelming. It provides a way of expressing our inner world without the need for words. Art therapy is suitable for all ages and requires no prior artistic skills.
View
Photo of Connie Joanne Easterbrook - Connie Easterbrook Counselling Services, PACFA, Counsellor
Connie Easterbrook Counselling Services
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sutherland, NSW 2232
Experiencing relationship struggles or marriage breakdown. Wanting to refresh, renew or repair your relationship with your partner or loved one. Overwhelmed by grief and sadness. Anxious. Depressed. Stressed. Overwhelmed. Discouraged. Low self-esteem. If you are looking for compassionate care, support, hope for the future and a transformed emotional life - then I may be able to help. I am a warm, relational counsellor who offers experience, wisdom and compassion. I can provide practical skills and strategies to assist alongside empowering you to find your own unique way forward.
Experiencing relationship struggles or marriage breakdown. Wanting to refresh, renew or repair your relationship with your partner or loved one. Overwhelmed by grief and sadness. Anxious. Depressed. Stressed. Overwhelmed. Discouraged. Low self-esteem. If you are looking for compassionate care, support, hope for the future and a transformed emotional life - then I may be able to help. I am a warm, relational counsellor who offers experience, wisdom and compassion. I can provide practical skills and strategies to assist alongside empowering you to find your own unique way forward.
(02) 7501 0787 View (02) 7501 0787
Photo of Kelly Freitas, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Kelly Freitas
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
Kelly is a registered psychologist, who believes that therapy can help people improve self-awareness, and build and maintain healthy connections with themselves and others. She is passionate about working with children and their families, providing parents the assistance required to improve children's emotional health and wellbeing. Kelly works collaboratively with her clients and families, using a person-centred and non-judgmental approach, focusing on the therapeutic relationship.
Kelly is a registered psychologist, who believes that therapy can help people improve self-awareness, and build and maintain healthy connections with themselves and others. She is passionate about working with children and their families, providing parents the assistance required to improve children's emotional health and wellbeing. Kelly works collaboratively with her clients and families, using a person-centred and non-judgmental approach, focusing on the therapeutic relationship.
(02) 9538 7462 View (02) 9538 7462
Photo of Diane Cooper - Here to Help Therapy, MPsych, PACFA, Counsellor
Here to Help Therapy
Counsellor, MPsych, PACFA
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
My aim is to help clients to reach their full potential in a confidential environment, to provide a supportive and nonjudgmental professional service, to challenge clients to develop new pathways and to help them to be empowered.
My aim is to help clients to reach their full potential in a confidential environment, to provide a supportive and nonjudgmental professional service, to challenge clients to develop new pathways and to help them to be empowered.
(02) 8294 6011 View (02) 8294 6011
Photo of Caitlyn Teasel, PACFA, Counsellor
Caitlyn Teasel
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232  (Online Only)
Life can be filled with an array of challenging experiences and emotions. Let’s explore your circumstances in a secure and non-judgmental manner, allowing you the opportunity to become aware of the issues, needs and goals best suited to a positive shift in your life.
Life can be filled with an array of challenging experiences and emotions. Let’s explore your circumstances in a secure and non-judgmental manner, allowing you the opportunity to become aware of the issues, needs and goals best suited to a positive shift in your life.
(02) 7501 0833 View (02) 7501 0833
Photo of Timothy Joss, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Timothy Joss
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
I have experience working with many issues including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, personality disorders, sleep difficulty, stress and more. I have worked with people from all stages of life and also have experience working with neurodiversity, NDIS participants, and Workers Compensation.
I have experience working with many issues including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, personality disorders, sleep difficulty, stress and more. I have worked with people from all stages of life and also have experience working with neurodiversity, NDIS participants, and Workers Compensation.
(02) 7501 0537 View (02) 7501 0537
Photo of Petra Samlow, MA, Psychotherapist
Petra Samlow
Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
My expertise and guidance focus on the role childhood trauma and social conditioning have in shaping the person you've become. I specialise in redesigning the subconscious mind. I help you understand the relationship you have with yourself and the world around you. As a result, I help you change your old and dated beliefs, get rid of unwanted addictions or anything holding you back, and help you find meaning and purpose in your life.
My expertise and guidance focus on the role childhood trauma and social conditioning have in shaping the person you've become. I specialise in redesigning the subconscious mind. I help you understand the relationship you have with yourself and the world around you. As a result, I help you change your old and dated beliefs, get rid of unwanted addictions or anything holding you back, and help you find meaning and purpose in your life.
(02) 9538 7681 View (02) 9538 7681
Photo of Chelsea Ho, MSc, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Chelsea Ho
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
Chelsea is a warm and empathic psychologist. As therapy can be a vulnerable but rewarding experience, Chelsea brings compassion, curiosity, and humour where appropriate to create a safe space to explore your experiences. Chelsea is trained in providing therapy for a range of mental health concerns including anxiety, depression, stress, psychosis, eating disorders, and trauma. She has particular interest and training in working with adolescents and adults with eating disorders.
Chelsea is a warm and empathic psychologist. As therapy can be a vulnerable but rewarding experience, Chelsea brings compassion, curiosity, and humour where appropriate to create a safe space to explore your experiences. Chelsea is trained in providing therapy for a range of mental health concerns including anxiety, depression, stress, psychosis, eating disorders, and trauma. She has particular interest and training in working with adolescents and adults with eating disorders.
(02) 8105 5269 View (02) 8105 5269
Sean Dickson
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
I have been providing psychological services for over 25 years and have experience in both the private and corporate sectors. I am a warm, supportive and highly experienced psychologist dedicated to helping you overcome depression, anxiety, stress and other longstanding issues. I am committed to delivering effective and long-lasting results in your personal life and relationships. I use evidence based approaches including Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness.
I have been providing psychological services for over 25 years and have experience in both the private and corporate sectors. I am a warm, supportive and highly experienced psychologist dedicated to helping you overcome depression, anxiety, stress and other longstanding issues. I am committed to delivering effective and long-lasting results in your personal life and relationships. I use evidence based approaches including Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness.
(02) 8766 0685 View (02) 8766 0685
Photo of Tyla Stroebel, MSc, PsyBA Prov, Psychologist
Tyla Stroebel
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA Prov
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
I currently specialise in diagnostic, behavioural, cognitive, neurological and academic assessments and support thereafter. I have a keen interest in Autism and ADHD, specifically in woman and girls, and in helping adults explore this later in life. I conduct assessments in person and online, from a neurodiversity affirming framework, and currently focus on the following: Autism; Global Developmental Delay, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Specific Learning Disorders; Anxiety etc.
I currently specialise in diagnostic, behavioural, cognitive, neurological and academic assessments and support thereafter. I have a keen interest in Autism and ADHD, specifically in woman and girls, and in helping adults explore this later in life. I conduct assessments in person and online, from a neurodiversity affirming framework, and currently focus on the following: Autism; Global Developmental Delay, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Specific Learning Disorders; Anxiety etc.
(02) 8105 6892 View (02) 8105 6892
Photo of Mark Micelli, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark Micelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Sutherland, NSW 2232
You might be starting to feel like something is off, or you're not able to be your true self. Like life is becoming too complex or overwhelming to cope with. You might notice changes in your relationships with loved ones, co-workers, or friends, accompanied with feeling less motivated, connected, or present than you once were. You may have tried turning to the things that once brought you joy, but found limited success and are left feeling burnt out and stuck. You might be able to picture what a balanced life looks like, but struggle with creating real change.
You might be starting to feel like something is off, or you're not able to be your true self. Like life is becoming too complex or overwhelming to cope with. You might notice changes in your relationships with loved ones, co-workers, or friends, accompanied with feeling less motivated, connected, or present than you once were. You may have tried turning to the things that once brought you joy, but found limited success and are left feeling burnt out and stuck. You might be able to picture what a balanced life looks like, but struggle with creating real change.
(02) 7501 1967 View (02) 7501 1967
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See more therapy options for Sutherland

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Sutherland, NSW

30+

Average cost per session

$162

Counsellors in Sutherland, NSW who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
90% Self Esteem
85% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
79% Trauma and PTSD
79% Stress
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% Medicare Rebates
43% NDIS
38% Other

How Counsellors in Sutherland, NSW see their clients

93% In Person and Online
7% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Sutherland?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.