Counselling in Pagewood, NSW

Photo of Gina McClement, MC, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Gina McClement
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pagewood, NSW 2035
My expertise is processing stuck and unwanted emotion and behaviours, as well as thriving with ADHD. Founded by Gina McClement, Living In Bloom offers counselling, psychotherapy and ADHD therapy and coaching. I work with my clients to build a flourishing, purposeful and rewarding life, grown from a strong and healthy connection with oneself. The nature of life’s journey is to present us with twists and turns, challenges and adversity, but when we unfold and align with our unique and powerful authentic-self, life as we desire begins to flow. “When things change inside us, they begin to change all around us." (anon)
My expertise is processing stuck and unwanted emotion and behaviours, as well as thriving with ADHD. Founded by Gina McClement, Living In Bloom offers counselling, psychotherapy and ADHD therapy and coaching. I work with my clients to build a flourishing, purposeful and rewarding life, grown from a strong and healthy connection with oneself. The nature of life’s journey is to present us with twists and turns, challenges and adversity, but when we unfold and align with our unique and powerful authentic-self, life as we desire begins to flow. “When things change inside us, they begin to change all around us." (anon)
(02) 9100 0943 View (02) 9100 0943
Photo of Candice Amelia Lewis, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Candice Amelia Lewis
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Pagewood, NSW 2035
Candice is a Clinical Psychologist and provides specialised mental health, coaching, and consulting services in a warm and safe environment.
Candice is a Clinical Psychologist and provides specialised mental health, coaching, and consulting services in a warm and safe environment.
0448 726 303 View 0448 726 303
Photo of Suki Scade - Blue Rabbit Psychology, PsychD, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Blue Rabbit Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Pagewood, NSW 2035
Suki is a collaboratively focused Psychologist with a passion for, and experience in working with children, adolescents and adults in educational and clinical settings. She has experience working across a range of psychological issues including mood disorders (depression and bi-polar), anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, social anxiety and a range of childhood anxiety disorders and related conditions). She also has worked with clients helping them with relationship difficulties, sleep difficulties, substance abuse and major life changes. Suki is Medicare accredited, and member of the Australian Psychological Society.
Suki is a collaboratively focused Psychologist with a passion for, and experience in working with children, adolescents and adults in educational and clinical settings. She has experience working across a range of psychological issues including mood disorders (depression and bi-polar), anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, social anxiety and a range of childhood anxiety disorders and related conditions). She also has worked with clients helping them with relationship difficulties, sleep difficulties, substance abuse and major life changes. Suki is Medicare accredited, and member of the Australian Psychological Society.
(02) 9159 6506 View (02) 9159 6506

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jennifer Fay Derna Rosen, MA, MAPS, Psychologist
Jennifer Fay Derna Rosen
Psychologist, MA, MAPS
Verified Verified
Bronte, NSW 2024
When a couple experince periods of conflict, anger, mistrust or a breakdown in communication they will benefit from relationship counselling.Counselling is also helpful when an Individual is struggling with anxiety, depression,difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, struggling with work life balance and low self -esteem.I am able to work with same sex couples as well as heterosexual couples. I believe each client needs a safe environment where they can sit and reflect with a therapist that is able to provide strategies of moving forward in a healthy away .
When a couple experince periods of conflict, anger, mistrust or a breakdown in communication they will benefit from relationship counselling.Counselling is also helpful when an Individual is struggling with anxiety, depression,difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, struggling with work life balance and low self -esteem.I am able to work with same sex couples as well as heterosexual couples. I believe each client needs a safe environment where they can sit and reflect with a therapist that is able to provide strategies of moving forward in a healthy away .
(02) 9053 4616 View (02) 9053 4616
Photo of Jessica Lorna Crowther - Heart and Mind Psychology, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Heart and Mind Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Mascot, NSW 2020
With a focus on enhancing quality of life, our diverse services, including testing, individual, group, and couples therapy, ensure personalised care for your unique journey. We offer not just services but a collaborative partnership, blending expertise and empathy to help unlock your mind's full potential. Take the first step towards a more fulfilling life, where understanding yourself is the key to unlocking endless possibilities.
With a focus on enhancing quality of life, our diverse services, including testing, individual, group, and couples therapy, ensure personalised care for your unique journey. We offer not just services but a collaborative partnership, blending expertise and empathy to help unlock your mind's full potential. Take the first step towards a more fulfilling life, where understanding yourself is the key to unlocking endless possibilities.
(02) 7804 4873 View (02) 7804 4873
Photo of Sterna Althaus - Womanscoach , ACA-L1, Counsellor
Womanscoach
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Randwick, NSW 2031
I have been passionately working in the field of individual and couples counselling, and mentoring parents of teens for over 26 years. As a certified counselor and life coach, I have the skills and techniques to boost success in all areas of your life, with a specialty in empowering married couples to connect on a deeper level & improve their relationship. I am experienced in multiple spheres, including marriage, parenting, intimacy, relationships, postnatal support and goal setting. I am a member of the ACA and highly recommended in delivering counselling services. I lectures across AU and USA. References available
I have been passionately working in the field of individual and couples counselling, and mentoring parents of teens for over 26 years. As a certified counselor and life coach, I have the skills and techniques to boost success in all areas of your life, with a specialty in empowering married couples to connect on a deeper level & improve their relationship. I am experienced in multiple spheres, including marriage, parenting, intimacy, relationships, postnatal support and goal setting. I am a member of the ACA and highly recommended in delivering counselling services. I lectures across AU and USA. References available
(02) 9100 0928 View (02) 9100 0928
Photo of Dr Frank Sattler, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Frank Sattler
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waterloo, NSW 2017
Hi! I'm a clinical psychologist working with individuals and couples. With individuals, I use CBT, relational therapy, LGBTQIA+ affirmative therapy, exposure therapy, mindfulness-based approaches, and ethical consultation among others. I work with adults, children and adolescents. I'm a Certified Gottman Therapist and in couples therapy, I mix Gottman therapy and systemic approaches. I also offer discernment counselling to married couples with divorce ambivalence.
Hi! I'm a clinical psychologist working with individuals and couples. With individuals, I use CBT, relational therapy, LGBTQIA+ affirmative therapy, exposure therapy, mindfulness-based approaches, and ethical consultation among others. I work with adults, children and adolescents. I'm a Certified Gottman Therapist and in couples therapy, I mix Gottman therapy and systemic approaches. I also offer discernment counselling to married couples with divorce ambivalence.
0402 554 491 View 0402 554 491
Photo of Tessa Louise Ipp - Whole Self Psychotherapy, AASW, Psychotherapist
Whole Self Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, AASW
Verified Verified
Bronte, NSW 2024
I work with individual adults and couples overcoming challenges stemming from Trauma and PTSD, Anxiety and Depression. Other focus areas include Family of origin issues, Developmental Trauma, Attachment Repair, Grief and Loss, Relationship and intimacy concerns. Other interests are Meditation, mindfulness and transpersonal health.
I work with individual adults and couples overcoming challenges stemming from Trauma and PTSD, Anxiety and Depression. Other focus areas include Family of origin issues, Developmental Trauma, Attachment Repair, Grief and Loss, Relationship and intimacy concerns. Other interests are Meditation, mindfulness and transpersonal health.
(02) 9158 6772 View (02) 9158 6772
Photo of Elana Jones, MPsych, MAPS, Psychologist
Elana Jones
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Randwick, NSW 2031
As a registered psychologist, my mission is to support adults of all ages, including young adults, in overcoming life’s challenges. Whether it’s anxiety, depression, difficulties in relationships, parenting issues, or stress, we’ll work together to find a way forward. Beyond symptom reduction, I believe in fostering meaningful living. What brings you joy? What gives life purpose? Let’s explore these questions and create a roadmap toward the life you want to be living.
As a registered psychologist, my mission is to support adults of all ages, including young adults, in overcoming life’s challenges. Whether it’s anxiety, depression, difficulties in relationships, parenting issues, or stress, we’ll work together to find a way forward. Beyond symptom reduction, I believe in fostering meaningful living. What brings you joy? What gives life purpose? Let’s explore these questions and create a roadmap toward the life you want to be living.
(02) 9100 0551 View (02) 9100 0551
Photo of Sue Walker - Oak Psychology Space, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Oak Psychology Space
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Randwick, NSW 2031
People see psychologists for a range of reasons. It could be that you’re feeling overwhelmed or stressed, finding it hard to motivate yourself, feeling confused or consumed by worry, having trouble sleeping, having trouble with relationships, or just feeling "stuck" and unable to move on. Oak Psychology Space offers a caring, non-judgemental space where you can be yourself and share your unique story. We would be honoured to share your journey towards living the life you want. Medicare rebates are available if you have a GP Mental Health Care Plan and referral. Contact Oak to find out more.
People see psychologists for a range of reasons. It could be that you’re feeling overwhelmed or stressed, finding it hard to motivate yourself, feeling confused or consumed by worry, having trouble sleeping, having trouble with relationships, or just feeling "stuck" and unable to move on. Oak Psychology Space offers a caring, non-judgemental space where you can be yourself and share your unique story. We would be honoured to share your journey towards living the life you want. Medicare rebates are available if you have a GP Mental Health Care Plan and referral. Contact Oak to find out more.
(02) 9100 0912 View (02) 9100 0912
Photo of Jacinta Catherine Franich - Bondi Mind Counselling, PACFA, Counsellor
Bondi Mind Counselling
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Bondi Junction, NSW 2022
Sometimes making that first contact for counselling is the hardest part, but once you've made that step, you will realise that you can work at your own pace, and feel safe as you build trust in the relationship with a counsellor. Speaking with someone can help to alleviate the anxiety, and help by giving you tools, strategies, and a place to talk with someone who provides a safe, non-judgemental space. Whether you are going through relationship difficulties, struggling with anxiety, or dealing with the difficulties of living in a different country, I can be there to support you.
Sometimes making that first contact for counselling is the hardest part, but once you've made that step, you will realise that you can work at your own pace, and feel safe as you build trust in the relationship with a counsellor. Speaking with someone can help to alleviate the anxiety, and help by giving you tools, strategies, and a place to talk with someone who provides a safe, non-judgemental space. Whether you are going through relationship difficulties, struggling with anxiety, or dealing with the difficulties of living in a different country, I can be there to support you.
(02) 9100 0628 View (02) 9100 0628
Photo of Lynette Fane De Salis - Direct Focus Solutions, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Direct Focus Solutions
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Kingsford, NSW 2032
Direct Focus Solutions (DFS) proudly works with clients of all ages and abilities to support them across their lifespans. Our multidisciplinary team of allied health practitioners is able to deliver individually-tailored services for clients who approach us to receive psychology, counselling, occupational therapy, speech pathology, social work, support work, and much more. In addition to private clients, DFS is an NDIS registered provider and is also able to fully support NDIS participants in addition to clients requiring services under Medicare, Victims Services, the DVA, and many other streams.
Direct Focus Solutions (DFS) proudly works with clients of all ages and abilities to support them across their lifespans. Our multidisciplinary team of allied health practitioners is able to deliver individually-tailored services for clients who approach us to receive psychology, counselling, occupational therapy, speech pathology, social work, support work, and much more. In addition to private clients, DFS is an NDIS registered provider and is also able to fully support NDIS participants in addition to clients requiring services under Medicare, Victims Services, the DVA, and many other streams.
(02) 9100 0155 View (02) 9100 0155
Photo of Nina McIlwain, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Nina McIlwain
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingsford, NSW 2032
I aim to help individuals deeply understand the challenges, both internal and external, that arise in our daily lives. I am committed to providing a compassionate, warm and safe environment. From there, we can collaboratively work to create meaningful change and build a life you value.
I aim to help individuals deeply understand the challenges, both internal and external, that arise in our daily lives. I am committed to providing a compassionate, warm and safe environment. From there, we can collaboratively work to create meaningful change and build a life you value.
(02) 9100 0334 View (02) 9100 0334
Photo of Sonia Scali, PACFA, Counsellor
Sonia Scali
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Randwick, NSW 2031
Welcome, I’m Sonia, a warm, compassionate and open-minded counsellor. My approach is trauma-informed, collaborative and strength-based, listening and tailoring my approach around your needs. My aim is to help you manage life's challenges with self-compassion and self-kindness. I work with both adults and adolescents, specialising in trauma, PTSD and C-PTSD, domestic and family violence, grief and loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions, difficulties with boundaries, family estrangement and shame. Supporting my clients with communication and interpersonal relationships is a special interest of mine.
Welcome, I’m Sonia, a warm, compassionate and open-minded counsellor. My approach is trauma-informed, collaborative and strength-based, listening and tailoring my approach around your needs. My aim is to help you manage life's challenges with self-compassion and self-kindness. I work with both adults and adolescents, specialising in trauma, PTSD and C-PTSD, domestic and family violence, grief and loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions, difficulties with boundaries, family estrangement and shame. Supporting my clients with communication and interpersonal relationships is a special interest of mine.
(02) 9100 0424 View (02) 9100 0424
Photo of Brandon Scherrer, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Brandon Scherrer
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waterloo, NSW 2017
Psychologist experienced with children, teenagers and adults: ADHD, trauma/PTSD, anxiety, depression, stress, relationships, OCD, BPD, addictions, tics, general emotional/behavioural disturbances and eating disorders. Whether you have specific goals and require coping strategies or needing a space to reflect and build a deeper relationship with yourself, I draw on a range of therapeutic techniques that are tailored to your psychological needs.
Psychologist experienced with children, teenagers and adults: ADHD, trauma/PTSD, anxiety, depression, stress, relationships, OCD, BPD, addictions, tics, general emotional/behavioural disturbances and eating disorders. Whether you have specific goals and require coping strategies or needing a space to reflect and build a deeper relationship with yourself, I draw on a range of therapeutic techniques that are tailored to your psychological needs.
(02) 9100 0658 View (02) 9100 0658
Photo of Jamie De Bruyn, PsychD, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Jamie De Bruyn
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Randwick, NSW 2031
Im passionate about helping people restore their sense of self-worth and confidence in order to regain control over their lives. I work with a wide variety of adults and adolescents in crisis, and people experiencing ongoing mental health issues (such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD) as a result of adversity, trauma, and violence. I empower individuals who have experienced adversity and oppression, through exploring existing competencies, strengths and inherent resilience. I’m person-centred, flexible and practical, ensuring you feel supported, and your individual needs are addressed in a non-judgemental and open environment
Im passionate about helping people restore their sense of self-worth and confidence in order to regain control over their lives. I work with a wide variety of adults and adolescents in crisis, and people experiencing ongoing mental health issues (such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD) as a result of adversity, trauma, and violence. I empower individuals who have experienced adversity and oppression, through exploring existing competencies, strengths and inherent resilience. I’m person-centred, flexible and practical, ensuring you feel supported, and your individual needs are addressed in a non-judgemental and open environment
(02) 7201 5086 View (02) 7201 5086
Photo of Helena Andrejkova Smith, PACFA, Counsellor
Helena Andrejkova Smith
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Bondi Junction, NSW 2022
I know it takes a lot of courage to be here. You have made the first step to find a professional who will listen to you and support you. My number one priority is establishing a trusting rapport so we can start exploring difficulties you are facing in your life whether it be relationship problems, anxiety, depression, lack of motivation, trauma that is still much alive or other concerns.
I know it takes a lot of courage to be here. You have made the first step to find a professional who will listen to you and support you. My number one priority is establishing a trusting rapport so we can start exploring difficulties you are facing in your life whether it be relationship problems, anxiety, depression, lack of motivation, trauma that is still much alive or other concerns.
(02) 8074 1571 View (02) 8074 1571
Photo of Georgina Whelan - Sexual Psychology: Clinical Psyc & Sex Therapist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Sexual Psychology: Clinical Psyc & Sex Therapist
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Coogee, NSW 2034
Hi I'm George! Sexual problems are common and can be resolved. As a clinical psychologist and sex therapist I am in the unique position of having experience and training in both mental health and sexual function, gender, sexuality, and relationships at the Masters level.
Hi I'm George! Sexual problems are common and can be resolved. As a clinical psychologist and sex therapist I am in the unique position of having experience and training in both mental health and sexual function, gender, sexuality, and relationships at the Masters level.
(02) 8294 6974 View (02) 8294 6974
Photo of Ryan Kaplan, PsychD, MAPS, Psychologist
Ryan Kaplan
Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Verified Verified
Maroubra, NSW 2035
I am a clinical psychologist who works with adults of all ages, including young adults, to help them overcome the challenges they may be facing, reduce anxiety, depression and stress, and achieve more enjoyment and meaning in life. I work with people who may be struggling with anxiety, depression, obsessive thinking, challenging circumstances, adjustment to change, relationship issues, work or career-related concerns, issues with self-confidence or self-esteem, or deeper existential issues.
I am a clinical psychologist who works with adults of all ages, including young adults, to help them overcome the challenges they may be facing, reduce anxiety, depression and stress, and achieve more enjoyment and meaning in life. I work with people who may be struggling with anxiety, depression, obsessive thinking, challenging circumstances, adjustment to change, relationship issues, work or career-related concerns, issues with self-confidence or self-esteem, or deeper existential issues.
(02) 9158 6714 View (02) 9158 6714
Photo of Allan Thomas Redpath, MA, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Allan Thomas Redpath
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Kingsford, NSW 2032
We all have aspects of our personality and behaviour that we and others find difficult. Often we just live with these trying to control them on our own. However, this is always difficult as it is hard for us to be objective and honest about ourselves. Having someone to help us be objective and not skip over these difficult areas of our lives, can be very helpful. Together we would work on revealing and unravelling these problem areas but only at a speed you can handle, you will always be in control of this process. What you reveal is between us, confidentiality is paramount. You decide who and when you wish to share with.
We all have aspects of our personality and behaviour that we and others find difficult. Often we just live with these trying to control them on our own. However, this is always difficult as it is hard for us to be objective and honest about ourselves. Having someone to help us be objective and not skip over these difficult areas of our lives, can be very helpful. Together we would work on revealing and unravelling these problem areas but only at a speed you can handle, you will always be in control of this process. What you reveal is between us, confidentiality is paramount. You decide who and when you wish to share with.
(02) 9158 6502 View (02) 9158 6502

See more therapy options for Pagewood

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Pagewood, NSW

< 10

Counsellors in Pagewood, NSW who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
67% Depression
67% ADHD
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Peer Relationships
67% Coping Skills
67% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Bupa
50% Other
50% CUA Health

How Counsellors in Pagewood, NSW see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Pagewood?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.