Counselling in Hurstville, NSW

Photo of Venessa Diab, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Venessa Diab
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
As a dedicated and compassionate psychologist, I endeavour to make therapy a supportive and welcoming space for individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings. I specialise in providing evidence-based therapies for anxiety, depression, adjustment to change, stress, sleep, work challenges and relationship issues. I understand that life can be difficult and stressful at times and my aim is to provide you with practical tools to help you improve your life and achieve your wellbeing goals.
As a dedicated and compassionate psychologist, I endeavour to make therapy a supportive and welcoming space for individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings. I specialise in providing evidence-based therapies for anxiety, depression, adjustment to change, stress, sleep, work challenges and relationship issues. I understand that life can be difficult and stressful at times and my aim is to provide you with practical tools to help you improve your life and achieve your wellbeing goals.
(02) 8105 5172 View (02) 8105 5172
Photo of Christina Dionisopoulos, PsychD, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Christina Dionisopoulos
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
As a Registered Psychologist with over 15 years experience I understand the need to access support as soon as possible and to ensure that the client is provided with the tools and strategies in order for them to make positive changes in their lives. That is why TIVITI was established . To provide Positivity through Psychology. My aim is to help empower people to explore the challenges they are facing in life and make positive changes.
As a Registered Psychologist with over 15 years experience I understand the need to access support as soon as possible and to ensure that the client is provided with the tools and strategies in order for them to make positive changes in their lives. That is why TIVITI was established . To provide Positivity through Psychology. My aim is to help empower people to explore the challenges they are facing in life and make positive changes.
(02) 8806 1212 View (02) 8806 1212
Photo of Joanna Kirlagitsi, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Joanna Kirlagitsi
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
Joanna is a passionate, energetic and driven individual who strives to enhance people’s mental health and well-being and guide them toward a rich and meaningful life. Joanna believes individuals are the experts of their own lives which is why she adopts a client focused approach, developing and implementing interventions depending on individual needs. Joanna embraces a non-judgmental approach whilst providing a safe space for individual’s to share their experience. Joanna also diagnoses ADHD, ASD, Intellectual Developmental Disability and conducts various psychometric assessments.
Joanna is a passionate, energetic and driven individual who strives to enhance people’s mental health and well-being and guide them toward a rich and meaningful life. Joanna believes individuals are the experts of their own lives which is why she adopts a client focused approach, developing and implementing interventions depending on individual needs. Joanna embraces a non-judgmental approach whilst providing a safe space for individual’s to share their experience. Joanna also diagnoses ADHD, ASD, Intellectual Developmental Disability and conducts various psychometric assessments.
(02) 8503 4215 View (02) 8503 4215
Photo of Christopher Laundy, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Christopher Laundy
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
I have over ten years of experience working with a broad range of psychological issues, including Depression, Anxiety, OCD, Borderline Personality Disorder and more. With great energy and good humour, I build strong professional bonds and draw upon numerous science-based skills, strategies, and resources – designed to bring meaningful and lasting change.
I have over ten years of experience working with a broad range of psychological issues, including Depression, Anxiety, OCD, Borderline Personality Disorder and more. With great energy and good humour, I build strong professional bonds and draw upon numerous science-based skills, strategies, and resources – designed to bring meaningful and lasting change.
(02) 9054 5872 View (02) 9054 5872
Photo of Amina Ahmed, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Amina Ahmed
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck in a cycle of negative thoughts? You're not alone, and help is within reach. I understand that each person's journey is unique, and I'm here to offer a safe, supportive space where we can work together to navigate life's challenges.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck in a cycle of negative thoughts? You're not alone, and help is within reach. I understand that each person's journey is unique, and I'm here to offer a safe, supportive space where we can work together to navigate life's challenges.
0413 837 303 View 0413 837 303
Photo of Wade Eames - Next Steps Counselling and Psychotherapy , PACFA, Counsellor
Next Steps Counselling and Psychotherapy
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hurstville, NSW 2220
My approach is tailored to your individual needs, ensuring a personalized, safe, and non-judgemental environment.My areas of expertise include trauma, addiction, group therapy, individual counselling, interpersonal issues, anxiety, depression, and stress management. Whether you're navigating the complexities of trauma or seeking answers to life's difficult questions, I am committed to providing compassionate, evidence-based care to support you on your path to wellness.
My approach is tailored to your individual needs, ensuring a personalized, safe, and non-judgemental environment.My areas of expertise include trauma, addiction, group therapy, individual counselling, interpersonal issues, anxiety, depression, and stress management. Whether you're navigating the complexities of trauma or seeking answers to life's difficult questions, I am committed to providing compassionate, evidence-based care to support you on your path to wellness.
(02) 9538 7432 View (02) 9538 7432
Photo of Mona Mattar - Lighthouse Therapeutic, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Lighthouse Therapeutic
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
Are you finding it hard to cope with day to day stressors. Do you have difficulty with food and body image, maybe you are restricting, binging, purging or yo-yo dieting. Have you found that your drug or alcohol intake has increased and is starting to feel out of control, or has been out of control for a while, have you just had a lapse/relapse. Is your anxiety holding you back or are you having difficulty with your relationships, emotion regulation or asserting boundaries?
Are you finding it hard to cope with day to day stressors. Do you have difficulty with food and body image, maybe you are restricting, binging, purging or yo-yo dieting. Have you found that your drug or alcohol intake has increased and is starting to feel out of control, or has been out of control for a while, have you just had a lapse/relapse. Is your anxiety holding you back or are you having difficulty with your relationships, emotion regulation or asserting boundaries?
(02) 8806 0119 View (02) 8806 0119
Photo of Neha Kapoor - Neha Kapoor | Novo Empower Counselling, MPsych, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Neha Kapoor | Novo Empower Counselling
Psychotherapist, MPsych, PACFA
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor and Psychotherapist and owner of Novo Empower Counselling. I have over a decade of experience empowering and guiding couples and individuals through the intricate pathways of life and relationships. I utilise a diverse array of proven approaches to create tailored programs that unlock insights, resolve conflicts, and nurture growth. I offer both in-person and online counselling options to accommodate different needs of my clients.
I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor and Psychotherapist and owner of Novo Empower Counselling. I have over a decade of experience empowering and guiding couples and individuals through the intricate pathways of life and relationships. I utilise a diverse array of proven approaches to create tailored programs that unlock insights, resolve conflicts, and nurture growth. I offer both in-person and online counselling options to accommodate different needs of my clients.
0410 637 225 View 0410 637 225
Photo of Kathleen Chew - Open Skies Art Therapy
Open Skies Art Therapy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hurstville, NSW 2220
I work as an art psychotherapist with adults and children that have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, health related issues and have worked in community contexts to support parents and their children. Sometimes it can be hard to express our experiences verbally and working through creative means can help us gain an understanding of ourselves and enable us to express and find emotional relief for issues that might otherwise seem overwhelming. It provides a way of expressing our inner world without the need for words. Art therapy is suitable for all ages and requires no prior artistic skills.
I work as an art psychotherapist with adults and children that have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, health related issues and have worked in community contexts to support parents and their children. Sometimes it can be hard to express our experiences verbally and working through creative means can help us gain an understanding of ourselves and enable us to express and find emotional relief for issues that might otherwise seem overwhelming. It provides a way of expressing our inner world without the need for words. Art therapy is suitable for all ages and requires no prior artistic skills.
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Photo of Carmel Catanuto, PACFA, Counsellor
Carmel Catanuto
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
Do you find yourself stressed and anxious in personal and work relationships? Do you often neglect your own needs while giving too much to others? Do you fear speaking up, worried that people will get angry or won't like you? As a counsellor with close to 10 years experience, I'm dedicated to helping you navigate these challenges and uncover their origins. My goal is to support you in transforming stress and pain into self-love and confidence. When you start to feel worthy and confident, you'll naturally attract others who appreciate and respect you. Together, we will explore the recurring issues that keep you stuck.
Do you find yourself stressed and anxious in personal and work relationships? Do you often neglect your own needs while giving too much to others? Do you fear speaking up, worried that people will get angry or won't like you? As a counsellor with close to 10 years experience, I'm dedicated to helping you navigate these challenges and uncover their origins. My goal is to support you in transforming stress and pain into self-love and confidence. When you start to feel worthy and confident, you'll naturally attract others who appreciate and respect you. Together, we will explore the recurring issues that keep you stuck.
(02) 9159 6093 View (02) 9159 6093
Photo of Kim Shade - Sydney Strategic Therapy-Hypnotherapy/Counselling, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Sydney Strategic Therapy-Hypnotherapy/Counselling
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
Clinical Hypnotherapy/Counselling/Psychotherapy can help you manage a busy life by facilitating effective strategies that support you. I treat issues with phobia's, addiction, weight loss, sleep, relationship issues, performance, grief, anxiety, stress within a warm, relaxed, non-judgemental environment I will provide guidance to assist you to: Develop new insights into the nature and origins of your current difficulties. Identify & challenge the behaviours, thoughts & beliefs that are creating distress. You will discover new ways of thinking and behaving that enhance well-being and allow you to achieve your full potential.
Clinical Hypnotherapy/Counselling/Psychotherapy can help you manage a busy life by facilitating effective strategies that support you. I treat issues with phobia's, addiction, weight loss, sleep, relationship issues, performance, grief, anxiety, stress within a warm, relaxed, non-judgemental environment I will provide guidance to assist you to: Develop new insights into the nature and origins of your current difficulties. Identify & challenge the behaviours, thoughts & beliefs that are creating distress. You will discover new ways of thinking and behaving that enhance well-being and allow you to achieve your full potential.
(02) 9159 6172 View (02) 9159 6172
Photo of David Troup, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
David Troup
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
David Troup is the Principal Clinical Psychologist of Here Comes The Sun Psychology Clinic. He is passionate about understanding the personal experiences of his clients and providing evidenced-based treatments that are tailored to their needs, strengths and values. He has developed experience with treating a wide range of mental health conditions from years of working in public health, at an outpatient drug and alcohol clinic and community mental health clinic. David also has experience in a private hospital setting where he provided group CBT for mood and anxiety disorders and a DBT-based group for a range of conditions.
David Troup is the Principal Clinical Psychologist of Here Comes The Sun Psychology Clinic. He is passionate about understanding the personal experiences of his clients and providing evidenced-based treatments that are tailored to their needs, strengths and values. He has developed experience with treating a wide range of mental health conditions from years of working in public health, at an outpatient drug and alcohol clinic and community mental health clinic. David also has experience in a private hospital setting where he provided group CBT for mood and anxiety disorders and a DBT-based group for a range of conditions.
(02) 7501 1075 View (02) 7501 1075
Photo of Irene Osman, PACFA, Counsellor
Irene Osman
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
I am a Clinical Counsellor/Psychotherapist that is a mature and responsible individual with strong communication skills who has a successful career in counselling and psychotherapy. I am empathetic and understanding towards my clients and I utilise diverse and appropriate therapeutic approaches suited to each individual’s needs. I provide therapy for adults with problems around Eating Disorders, depression and Borderline Personality Disorder. I incorporate a variety of therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Person Centred Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy and Positive Psychology.
I am a Clinical Counsellor/Psychotherapist that is a mature and responsible individual with strong communication skills who has a successful career in counselling and psychotherapy. I am empathetic and understanding towards my clients and I utilise diverse and appropriate therapeutic approaches suited to each individual’s needs. I provide therapy for adults with problems around Eating Disorders, depression and Borderline Personality Disorder. I incorporate a variety of therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Person Centred Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy and Positive Psychology.
(02) 8105 6941 View (02) 8105 6941
Photo of Tim Wardeiner, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Tim Wardeiner
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
Tim has over five years of experience as a Clinical Psychologist. His passion for his work has taken him to Victoria, the Northern Territory, and now a Sydney based clinic, Mind Project.
Tim has over five years of experience as a Clinical Psychologist. His passion for his work has taken him to Victoria, the Northern Territory, and now a Sydney based clinic, Mind Project.
(02) 8105 5538 View (02) 8105 5538
Photo of Aimee Oliveri, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Aimee Oliveri
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
Aimee is a clinical psychologist at the Australian Institute for Human Wellness. Aimee takes a person-centred approach to her practice, working collaboratively with her clients to harness their strengths/knowledge and achieve their goals. She draws from various therapeutic styles to meet the unique needs and circumstances of her clients, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based therapies, trauma-based therapies, dialectal behaviour therapy (DBT) and narrative therapy.
Aimee is a clinical psychologist at the Australian Institute for Human Wellness. Aimee takes a person-centred approach to her practice, working collaboratively with her clients to harness their strengths/knowledge and achieve their goals. She draws from various therapeutic styles to meet the unique needs and circumstances of her clients, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based therapies, trauma-based therapies, dialectal behaviour therapy (DBT) and narrative therapy.
(02) 8105 6535 View (02) 8105 6535
Photo of Hany Ghobrial - Spirit & Mind Therapy, Counsellor
Spirit & Mind Therapy
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
My name is Hany, and I am deeply committed to fostering a safe, understanding, and empathetic space for all my clients, who seek understanding and growth amidst challenges such as anxiety, life transitions, or relationship issues. They desire a safe space to explore their feelings, understand their behaviors, and develop coping strategies to achieve emotional well-being, improve relationships, and find balance.
My name is Hany, and I am deeply committed to fostering a safe, understanding, and empathetic space for all my clients, who seek understanding and growth amidst challenges such as anxiety, life transitions, or relationship issues. They desire a safe space to explore their feelings, understand their behaviors, and develop coping strategies to achieve emotional well-being, improve relationships, and find balance.
(02) 8105 6402 View (02) 8105 6402
Photo of Erin Chan- Individual Couple And Family Counselling, MSc, PACFA, Counsellor
Erin Chan- Individual Couple And Family Counselling
Counsellor, MSc, PACFA
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
My approach is straightforward, helping you make sense of your experience, explore on coping mechanisms and restore confidence in your life, with evidence-based well-being tools, to better manage in those difficult situations. My goal is to journey together with you until you can take charge effectively! Sometimes with 1 session! With my guidance, you can grow confidently alongside with life issues without escaping from them nor being affected by them. If you are feeling anxious, depressed, stressed or unsatisfied with your relationship or feeling unhappy/sad/angry frequently, I’m here to help. Book a 15-min intro call to start
My approach is straightforward, helping you make sense of your experience, explore on coping mechanisms and restore confidence in your life, with evidence-based well-being tools, to better manage in those difficult situations. My goal is to journey together with you until you can take charge effectively! Sometimes with 1 session! With my guidance, you can grow confidently alongside with life issues without escaping from them nor being affected by them. If you are feeling anxious, depressed, stressed or unsatisfied with your relationship or feeling unhappy/sad/angry frequently, I’m here to help. Book a 15-min intro call to start
(02) 8503 4490 View (02) 8503 4490
Photo of Rachel Richardson, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Rachel Richardson
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
I have worked with children, adolescents and families for over 10 years across parenting residential care, child protection, outreach and education settings. ​ In private practice, I work with various neurotypes and mental health presentations including anxiety, depression, OCD, and emotion dysregulation. I support neurodivergent (Autism and ADHD) children and adolescents to feel empowered in their neurotype and enhance awareness of their individual social, emotional and communication preference.
I have worked with children, adolescents and families for over 10 years across parenting residential care, child protection, outreach and education settings. ​ In private practice, I work with various neurotypes and mental health presentations including anxiety, depression, OCD, and emotion dysregulation. I support neurodivergent (Autism and ADHD) children and adolescents to feel empowered in their neurotype and enhance awareness of their individual social, emotional and communication preference.
(02) 9100 0360 View (02) 9100 0360
Photo of Mark Micelli, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark Micelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
You might be starting to feel like something is off, or you're not able to be your true self. Like life is becoming too complex or overwhelming to cope with. You might notice changes in your relationships with loved ones, co-workers, or friends, accompanied with feeling less motivated, connected, or present than you once were. You may have tried turning to the things that once brought you joy, but found limited success and are left feeling burnt out and stuck. You might be able to picture what a balanced life looks like, but struggle with creating real change.
You might be starting to feel like something is off, or you're not able to be your true self. Like life is becoming too complex or overwhelming to cope with. You might notice changes in your relationships with loved ones, co-workers, or friends, accompanied with feeling less motivated, connected, or present than you once were. You may have tried turning to the things that once brought you joy, but found limited success and are left feeling burnt out and stuck. You might be able to picture what a balanced life looks like, but struggle with creating real change.
(02) 7501 1967 View (02) 7501 1967
Photo of Angela Yazbeck And Adriana Cvitan - The Mind Health Clinic, PACFA, Psychotherapist
The Mind Health Clinic
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Hurstville, NSW 2220
The Mind Health Clinic is dedicated to providing wellbeing support to individuals experiencing challenging moments in their lives. We tailor our services to meet the unique needs of each individual in order to encourage positive developments and perspective growth in our clients. We work collaboratively and ethically with our clients to achieve therapeutic goals and transform insights into effective action. Our clinicians are Miss Angela Yazbeck and Miss Adriana Cvitan. Both hold a Masters in Psychotherapy and Counselling and are registered psychotherapist and counsellors with PACFA.
The Mind Health Clinic is dedicated to providing wellbeing support to individuals experiencing challenging moments in their lives. We tailor our services to meet the unique needs of each individual in order to encourage positive developments and perspective growth in our clients. We work collaboratively and ethically with our clients to achieve therapeutic goals and transform insights into effective action. Our clinicians are Miss Angela Yazbeck and Miss Adriana Cvitan. Both hold a Masters in Psychotherapy and Counselling and are registered psychotherapist and counsellors with PACFA.
(02) 9538 7702 View (02) 9538 7702
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See more therapy options for Hurstville

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Hurstville, NSW

40+

Average cost per session

$185

Counsellors in Hurstville, NSW who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
76% Stress
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% Medicare Rebates
53% Medibank Private
42% Bupa

How Counsellors in Hurstville, NSW see their clients

93% In Person and Online
7% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Hurstville?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.