Counselling in Adelaide, SA

Photo of Kerry Jones-Kuys - Still I Rise Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Still I Rise Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
Not accepting new clients
Confidentially connect with a down-to-earth, compassionate Clinical Psychologist from the comfort of your own home or preferred private setting. With a background working with clients across the entire lifespan (from primary/private sector through to tertiary mental health care/CAMHS) Kerry's passionate about helping clients & their families to foster their resilience & strength in the face of adversity, as they gain a sense of hope & possibility. Helping to reduce mental health inequalities-Kerry offers clients Telehealth-South Australia statewide & Walk & Talk Therapy, away from the limitations of the therapy couch.
Confidentially connect with a down-to-earth, compassionate Clinical Psychologist from the comfort of your own home or preferred private setting. With a background working with clients across the entire lifespan (from primary/private sector through to tertiary mental health care/CAMHS) Kerry's passionate about helping clients & their families to foster their resilience & strength in the face of adversity, as they gain a sense of hope & possibility. Helping to reduce mental health inequalities-Kerry offers clients Telehealth-South Australia statewide & Walk & Talk Therapy, away from the limitations of the therapy couch.
(08) 7184 4999 View (08) 7184 4999
Photo of Cathleen Zhang, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cathleen Zhang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
Hello! My name is Cathleen and I am an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker (AMHSW). My approach is compassionate, person-centered, warm and supportive. In our sessions, I aim to create a safe space where you can be open and vulnerable. We'll work together to explore and unlock parts of yourself, fostering self-awareness and recognizing that you are the expert on your own life and experiences. I strongly believe in the importance of the client-therapist relationship, built on trust and a warm environment, where you can feel safe to share and grow.
Hello! My name is Cathleen and I am an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker (AMHSW). My approach is compassionate, person-centered, warm and supportive. In our sessions, I aim to create a safe space where you can be open and vulnerable. We'll work together to explore and unlock parts of yourself, fostering self-awareness and recognizing that you are the expert on your own life and experiences. I strongly believe in the importance of the client-therapist relationship, built on trust and a warm environment, where you can feel safe to share and grow.
(08) 7079 5647 View (08) 7079 5647
Photo of Oscar Weng- Kookaburra Psychology Trauma Wellbeing, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Oscar Weng- Kookaburra Psychology Trauma Wellbeing
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000  (Online Only)
Do you want to overcome the frustration of sleepless nights? Do you wish to feel more relaxed and find peace in life? Would you like to banish procrastination once and for all? Are you seeking a fulfilling and authentic relationship with your loved ones... I am here to help
Do you want to overcome the frustration of sleepless nights? Do you wish to feel more relaxed and find peace in life? Would you like to banish procrastination once and for all? Are you seeking a fulfilling and authentic relationship with your loved ones... I am here to help
(08) 7184 5288 View (08) 7184 5288
Photo of Milan Ljubincic - Adelaide Psychology, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Adelaide Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
A private psychology practice of principal psychologist and bestselling author, Milan Ljubincic. Our practice is well-suited for clients seeking deeper exploration of their mental health challenges including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, complex trauma, and workplace stress. Expertise includes therapy with private clients and across corporate and government sectors. We also provide employee assistance (EAP) services to businesses across Australia, and critical incident responding.
A private psychology practice of principal psychologist and bestselling author, Milan Ljubincic. Our practice is well-suited for clients seeking deeper exploration of their mental health challenges including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, complex trauma, and workplace stress. Expertise includes therapy with private clients and across corporate and government sectors. We also provide employee assistance (EAP) services to businesses across Australia, and critical incident responding.
(08) 7008 7197 View (08) 7008 7197
Photo of Nicolle Griffin, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Nicolle Griffin
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000  (Online Only)
Very Helpful Chats offers ADHD & Autism assessments, mental health treatment, counselling, occupational therapy, ADHD coaching, and social-therapeutic groups to the neurodivergent community. We are an online telehealth-only service. Our team is made up of neurodivergent, neuro-affirming, gender diverse, and queer/LGBTIQA+ health professionals.
Very Helpful Chats offers ADHD & Autism assessments, mental health treatment, counselling, occupational therapy, ADHD coaching, and social-therapeutic groups to the neurodivergent community. We are an online telehealth-only service. Our team is made up of neurodivergent, neuro-affirming, gender diverse, and queer/LGBTIQA+ health professionals.
(02) 9100 0205 View (02) 9100 0205
Photo of Richard Browne, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Richard Browne
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
I work with men on a variety of issues that affect their lives. In person in Adelaide or online/via phone to fit your needs. Life is complicated. Let's talk.
I work with men on a variety of issues that affect their lives. In person in Adelaide or online/via phone to fit your needs. Life is complicated. Let's talk.
(02) 9100 0668 View (02) 9100 0668
Photo of Karolina Lutkiewicz – Arts Therapist, AThR, Psychotherapist
Karolina Lutkiewicz – Arts Therapist
Psychotherapist, AThR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Adelaide, SA 5000
You don't have to be good at art to do arts therapy. It's about self-expression and using art (collage, clay, dance, poems and puppets are OK too!) to explore issues. I first listen, ask questions and invite to do a gentle process. I'm a young professional, curious, attentive, ready to learn and get to know you while supporting you. I aim to offer creative and different ways of looking at things where perhaps talking therapy isn't quite the answer. I like humour and playfulness, especially for adults, but also children and adolescents.
You don't have to be good at art to do arts therapy. It's about self-expression and using art (collage, clay, dance, poems and puppets are OK too!) to explore issues. I first listen, ask questions and invite to do a gentle process. I'm a young professional, curious, attentive, ready to learn and get to know you while supporting you. I aim to offer creative and different ways of looking at things where perhaps talking therapy isn't quite the answer. I like humour and playfulness, especially for adults, but also children and adolescents.
(08) 7008 9074 View (08) 7008 9074
Photo of Stephanie Hirst, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Stephanie Hirst
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
My passion as a Psychologist is helping individuals with various concerns, such as Eating Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, anger management, self-esteem/confidence issues, or individuals who are going through large life changes, be able to overcome their difficulties and achieve their therapeutic outcomes. I support people aged 8 years to 60 years of age. I have a warm and empathetic approach, with a focus on creating an environment where a person can learn about themselves, develop their skills to manage their mental health and wellbeing, and be empowered to create change in their lives.
My passion as a Psychologist is helping individuals with various concerns, such as Eating Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, anger management, self-esteem/confidence issues, or individuals who are going through large life changes, be able to overcome their difficulties and achieve their therapeutic outcomes. I support people aged 8 years to 60 years of age. I have a warm and empathetic approach, with a focus on creating an environment where a person can learn about themselves, develop their skills to manage their mental health and wellbeing, and be empowered to create change in their lives.
(08) 7008 9936 View (08) 7008 9936
Photo of Rebecca Najar, PsyBA - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Rebecca Najar
Psychologist, PsyBA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
I have been in the field since 2018 and worked within both Private and Public sectors, before moving into more specialised work with a focus on Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT). This experience has allowed me to develop a broad scope of skills and an ability to support a wide range of clients and complex presentations. I have particular experience supporting clients with; Borderline Personality, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, assertiveness training, trauma, domestic violence, work-related difficulties, interpersonal difficulties, sleep problems and emotional dysregulation.
I have been in the field since 2018 and worked within both Private and Public sectors, before moving into more specialised work with a focus on Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT). This experience has allowed me to develop a broad scope of skills and an ability to support a wide range of clients and complex presentations. I have particular experience supporting clients with; Borderline Personality, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, assertiveness training, trauma, domestic violence, work-related difficulties, interpersonal difficulties, sleep problems and emotional dysregulation.
(03) 5907 5935 View (03) 5907 5935
Photo of Alicia Jade Wilcock - Integrative Psychology Associates, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Integrative Psychology Associates
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000  (Online Only)
Integrative Psychology Associates it is a Telehealth private practice that offers online mental health support through video conferencing. Our psychologists are highly qualified and experienced and provide individualised and tailored treatment using evidence-based practice for presenting issues including ASD, ADHD, trauma, social skills, parent support, pain management, OCD, emotional & behavioural difficulties, work stress, post post-natal depression, sleep difficulties, self-esteem, and school refusal. Telehealth therapy is convenient and private and can reduce the stress of balancing work and family demands with appointments. IPA
Integrative Psychology Associates it is a Telehealth private practice that offers online mental health support through video conferencing. Our psychologists are highly qualified and experienced and provide individualised and tailored treatment using evidence-based practice for presenting issues including ASD, ADHD, trauma, social skills, parent support, pain management, OCD, emotional & behavioural difficulties, work stress, post post-natal depression, sleep difficulties, self-esteem, and school refusal. Telehealth therapy is convenient and private and can reduce the stress of balancing work and family demands with appointments. IPA
(08) 7008 7922 View (08) 7008 7922
Photo of Travis Doecke, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Travis Doecke
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Adelaide, SA 5000
Hi, I'm Travis, great to meet you and thanks for stopping by. I work with people who may be experiencing grief, loss or pain, anxiety or depression, self-image and identity challenges, all forms of addiction, going through a life transition, needing help with their relationship or marriage, being hurt by burnout and exhaustion, a youth and young adults and exploring life's big questions. If we can sit with each other in the discomfort of our shame, we can make sense and meaning out of what's happened, figure out what is most important, increase our capacity for relationships, create change and live into our purpose.
Hi, I'm Travis, great to meet you and thanks for stopping by. I work with people who may be experiencing grief, loss or pain, anxiety or depression, self-image and identity challenges, all forms of addiction, going through a life transition, needing help with their relationship or marriage, being hurt by burnout and exhaustion, a youth and young adults and exploring life's big questions. If we can sit with each other in the discomfort of our shame, we can make sense and meaning out of what's happened, figure out what is most important, increase our capacity for relationships, create change and live into our purpose.
(08) 7008 9668 View (08) 7008 9668
Photo of Michelle Wharton, MPsych, MAPS, Psychologist
Michelle Wharton
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000  (Online Only)
Who do I work with? You are an adult, aged 21 years and above and are happy to do online appointments. You might be struggling with anxiety, depression, anger, OCD, stress, or relationship problems. You may have difficulties with perfectionism, procrastination, or unwanted habits and annoying addictions. You're looking for more than just 'talk therapy' and can commit to doing a bit of homework in order to practice new ways of thinking and start rewiring your brain. You're courageous and willing to face, and step over, those old roadblocks!
Who do I work with? You are an adult, aged 21 years and above and are happy to do online appointments. You might be struggling with anxiety, depression, anger, OCD, stress, or relationship problems. You may have difficulties with perfectionism, procrastination, or unwanted habits and annoying addictions. You're looking for more than just 'talk therapy' and can commit to doing a bit of homework in order to practice new ways of thinking and start rewiring your brain. You're courageous and willing to face, and step over, those old roadblocks!
(08) 7008 9968 View (08) 7008 9968
Photo of Kelly Hann, MA, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Kelly Hann
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
My greatest passion is in helping others to find peace, fulfilment and meaning. ​My approach is person-centred, non-judgmental and collaborative. I am a trained and qualified Counsellor and Psychotherapist. My therapeutic approach is one which integrates elements of several modalities including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Narrative Therapy and Mindfulness.
My greatest passion is in helping others to find peace, fulfilment and meaning. ​My approach is person-centred, non-judgmental and collaborative. I am a trained and qualified Counsellor and Psychotherapist. My therapeutic approach is one which integrates elements of several modalities including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Narrative Therapy and Mindfulness.
(08) 7081 9361 View (08) 7081 9361
Photo of Maria Vince Tam, MC, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Maria Vince Tam
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
As a counsellor, I believe that every individual deserves the opportunity to thrive and live a fulfilling life. My passion is to help clients gain insight and provide them with some tools they need to overcome life’s challenges and achieve their goals. I believe that with the right tools and support, everyone can achieve their full potential and find a way forward. My approach is rooted in empathy, understanding, and respect as I believe that every person has unique experiences and perspectives. My goal is to provide a safe and supportive space where clients can express their feelings and thoughts without the fear of being judged.
As a counsellor, I believe that every individual deserves the opportunity to thrive and live a fulfilling life. My passion is to help clients gain insight and provide them with some tools they need to overcome life’s challenges and achieve their goals. I believe that with the right tools and support, everyone can achieve their full potential and find a way forward. My approach is rooted in empathy, understanding, and respect as I believe that every person has unique experiences and perspectives. My goal is to provide a safe and supportive space where clients can express their feelings and thoughts without the fear of being judged.
(08) 7008 9141 View (08) 7008 9141
Photo of Purva Gadhia, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Purva Gadhia
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Adelaide, SA 5000
Embarking on a journey of self-discovery and growth can feel overwhelming, but I'm here to walk with you every step of the way. My approach is rooted in honoring your unique experiences and cultural background. Together, we'll explore how these factors shape your thoughts and behaviors, deepening your understanding of yourself. With a passion for neurology, I'll help you unravel the mysteries of your brain and how they impact your mental well-being.
Embarking on a journey of self-discovery and growth can feel overwhelming, but I'm here to walk with you every step of the way. My approach is rooted in honoring your unique experiences and cultural background. Together, we'll explore how these factors shape your thoughts and behaviors, deepening your understanding of yourself. With a passion for neurology, I'll help you unravel the mysteries of your brain and how they impact your mental well-being.
(08) 7008 7875 View (08) 7008 7875
Khristin Highet
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000  (Online Only)
Dr Khristin Highet specialises in transformational personal development in the areas of leadership, work and personal performance and relationship coaching. She works with people who wish to improve in self empowerment, goal/results achievement, mindset, influence and interpersonal effectiveness. She assists those that feel stuck, held back or experience life patterns that may impact reaching one's full potential.
Dr Khristin Highet specialises in transformational personal development in the areas of leadership, work and personal performance and relationship coaching. She works with people who wish to improve in self empowerment, goal/results achievement, mindset, influence and interpersonal effectiveness. She assists those that feel stuck, held back or experience life patterns that may impact reaching one's full potential.
View
Photo of Donna Starr Dulvarie, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Donna Starr Dulvarie
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
Starr can assist with: Adjustment difficulties, Anger management and emotion regulation, Anxiety disorders, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , Bipolar disorders, Depression and Mood Disorders, Grief and Loss, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Panic disorder, Perfectionism and Low self-esteem, Phobias, Pre and post-natal mental health, Sleep issues, Stress management, Trauma (PTSD and Complex Trauma), and more.
Starr can assist with: Adjustment difficulties, Anger management and emotion regulation, Anxiety disorders, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , Bipolar disorders, Depression and Mood Disorders, Grief and Loss, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Panic disorder, Perfectionism and Low self-esteem, Phobias, Pre and post-natal mental health, Sleep issues, Stress management, Trauma (PTSD and Complex Trauma), and more.
(08) 7008 7272 View (08) 7008 7272
Photo of Maddy Kretschmer, MC, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Maddy Kretschmer
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
Maddy approaches therapy with deep acceptance and empathy, working collaboratively with individuals to explore their experiences with curiosity and compassion. They consider the influence of broader social contexts and draw from various therapeutic modalities to find the path best suited to each person. She has worked with people of all ages and with diverse backgrounds and identities. Maddy is passionate about working with queer people, spiritual/existential issues, grief processing, sex workers, and AOD.
Maddy approaches therapy with deep acceptance and empathy, working collaboratively with individuals to explore their experiences with curiosity and compassion. They consider the influence of broader social contexts and draw from various therapeutic modalities to find the path best suited to each person. She has worked with people of all ages and with diverse backgrounds and identities. Maddy is passionate about working with queer people, spiritual/existential issues, grief processing, sex workers, and AOD.
(08) 7100 9530 View (08) 7100 9530
Photo of Bronte Galek - Anahata counselling, MC, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Anahata counselling
Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000  (Online Only)
I am an experienced psychotherapist and counsellor specialising in addiction and trauma. With a strong person-centered and holistic approach, I combine various therapeutic techniques to encourage one’s healing and understanding of self. I aim to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore all facets of themselves, supporting them to find peace and stability amidst life’s challenges. I can work with you on a range of life's issues and I am deeply committed to creating safety and care within the therapeutic relationship. There is no need to struggle alone.
I am an experienced psychotherapist and counsellor specialising in addiction and trauma. With a strong person-centered and holistic approach, I combine various therapeutic techniques to encourage one’s healing and understanding of self. I aim to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore all facets of themselves, supporting them to find peace and stability amidst life’s challenges. I can work with you on a range of life's issues and I am deeply committed to creating safety and care within the therapeutic relationship. There is no need to struggle alone.
(08) 7078 8233 View (08) 7078 8233
Photo of Elizabeth Louise Worley, MC, PACFA, Counsellor
Elizabeth Louise Worley
Counsellor, MC, PACFA
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
Experienced Individual and Couple Therapist. PACfA Accredited Clinical Supervisor. Individual or Group Supervision for counsellors, SW, Chaplains and Ministers. Coaching for managers and leaders.
Experienced Individual and Couple Therapist. PACfA Accredited Clinical Supervisor. Individual or Group Supervision for counsellors, SW, Chaplains and Ministers. Coaching for managers and leaders.
(08) 7008 9010 View (08) 7008 9010
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See more therapy options for Adelaide

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Adelaide, SA

500+

Average cost per session

$160

Counsellors in Adelaide, SA who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
81% Depression
78% Stress
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

57% Bupa
57% Medicare Rebates
52% NDIS

How Counsellors in Adelaide, SA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
19% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Adelaide?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.