Photo of Tegan Webb, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Tegan Webb
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
I provide psychological intervention to young people (12+) and adults (18+), with a focus on developing insight into your current life difficulties (eg anxiety, depression, issues connecting with people), considering how you would like your life to be, and beginning to take actions toward that desired life. I utilise Schema Therapy, with elements from a range of other therapy models (eg ACT, IPT, DBT, CBT) where needed, particularly when assisting people to develop new skills.
I provide psychological intervention to young people (12+) and adults (18+), with a focus on developing insight into your current life difficulties (eg anxiety, depression, issues connecting with people), considering how you would like your life to be, and beginning to take actions toward that desired life. I utilise Schema Therapy, with elements from a range of other therapy models (eg ACT, IPT, DBT, CBT) where needed, particularly when assisting people to develop new skills.
(02) 8503 8260 View (02) 8503 8260
Photo of Valeria Da Graca Coelho - Wellness Valeria          Counselling and Coaching, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Wellness Valeria Counselling and Coaching
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203  (Online Only)
Welcome! I understand that perimenopause brings unique mental and emotional challenges that can affect your daily life and relationships. As a dedicated counsellor, I’m here to help you navigate this transformative period with a holistic approach that prioritises your mental health and emotional well-being. Together, we’ll work to improve your mental health and emotional balance.
Welcome! I understand that perimenopause brings unique mental and emotional challenges that can affect your daily life and relationships. As a dedicated counsellor, I’m here to help you navigate this transformative period with a holistic approach that prioritises your mental health and emotional well-being. Together, we’ll work to improve your mental health and emotional balance.
(02) 9100 0941 View (02) 9100 0941
Photo of Maria Simonetta, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Maria Simonetta
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
When lingering or reoccurring issues arise they create within us a dissatisfaction about life and how we feel about ourselves. Issues such as relationship difficulties, addictions, career, life transitions, parenting, depression, anxiety, stress, body image, negative beliefs and thoughts, emotional overwhelm, aggression, low energy, impulsivity etc. can affect your self esteem and your ability to think clearly and solve problems effectively. Learning new skills, building on resilience and resources and dealing with past issues that affect your present life can be empowering and create satisfaction and fulfilment in your life.
When lingering or reoccurring issues arise they create within us a dissatisfaction about life and how we feel about ourselves. Issues such as relationship difficulties, addictions, career, life transitions, parenting, depression, anxiety, stress, body image, negative beliefs and thoughts, emotional overwhelm, aggression, low energy, impulsivity etc. can affect your self esteem and your ability to think clearly and solve problems effectively. Learning new skills, building on resilience and resources and dealing with past issues that affect your present life can be empowering and create satisfaction and fulfilment in your life.
(02) 8073 9397 View (02) 8073 9397
Photo of Marie Mooney, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Marie Mooney
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
I honour the innate wisdom in all of us, and hold deep respect and compassion for people. My aim is to provide a safe, compassionate and healing space, where you can talk about, explore and find solutions to what's really happening in your life and whatever brings you to counselling. I will support you to create a healthy relationship and connection with yourself and others, and will walk with you, as you overcome the obstacles, and celebrate the steps you take towards living more of the life you desire.
I honour the innate wisdom in all of us, and hold deep respect and compassion for people. My aim is to provide a safe, compassionate and healing space, where you can talk about, explore and find solutions to what's really happening in your life and whatever brings you to counselling. I will support you to create a healthy relationship and connection with yourself and others, and will walk with you, as you overcome the obstacles, and celebrate the steps you take towards living more of the life you desire.
(02) 8105 5005 View (02) 8105 5005
Photo of Kirthana Selvaraj - Kirthana Selvaraj, Art Therapist, AThR, Counsellor, AThR
Kirthana Selvaraj, Art Therapist, AThR, Counsellor
Art Therapist, AThR
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I aim to support you within areas of relationship issues, family conflict, building confidence, racial trauma, burnout, diverse body image, gender and sexuality, work stress , imposter syndrome, social justice fatigue, coping with anxiety, depression and loneliness. My therapeutic stance is deeply embedded in an intersectional philosophy. I offer Art Therapy, where I support you to explore, using imagination, metaphor and symbolism, I also offer Counselling that is progressive, relational, creative and adaptive to your therapeutic goals.
I aim to support you within areas of relationship issues, family conflict, building confidence, racial trauma, burnout, diverse body image, gender and sexuality, work stress , imposter syndrome, social justice fatigue, coping with anxiety, depression and loneliness. My therapeutic stance is deeply embedded in an intersectional philosophy. I offer Art Therapy, where I support you to explore, using imagination, metaphor and symbolism, I also offer Counselling that is progressive, relational, creative and adaptive to your therapeutic goals.
(02) 8074 5775 View (02) 8074 5775
Photo of Roberta Iavarone - The Listening Pod, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Roberta Iavarone - The Listening Pod
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
Are you struggling to navigate a challenging life situation such as a relationship break-up, conflict with a family member or work colleague, life stage such as menopause, or are generally feeling stuck & unhappy in your life & are wanting more ? You may be feeling depressed, anxious and alone and in need of someone to talk to who genuinely cares and can support you to build skills & confidence to work towards your wellbeing goals? Hi I'm Roberta & I have a special interest in working with women & men in all stages of life to help them move through life's challenges so they can live their best & most meaningful life!
Are you struggling to navigate a challenging life situation such as a relationship break-up, conflict with a family member or work colleague, life stage such as menopause, or are generally feeling stuck & unhappy in your life & are wanting more ? You may be feeling depressed, anxious and alone and in need of someone to talk to who genuinely cares and can support you to build skills & confidence to work towards your wellbeing goals? Hi I'm Roberta & I have a special interest in working with women & men in all stages of life to help them move through life's challenges so they can live their best & most meaningful life!
(02) 9100 0107 View (02) 9100 0107
Photo of Sara Bertolini, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Sara Bertolini
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
Hello there, I am a registered Psychologist who specialises in trauma. I work with couples and individuals of adult age. I have expertise in a broad range of issues which are usually a product of trauma they include, addiction, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem/self-worth, stress, relationship difficulties, personality disorders. I adopt a person-centred approach using a range of evidence based therapeutic approaches which include Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), Ego States, Circle of Security, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) Gottman Couple Therapy, Schema Therapy.
Hello there, I am a registered Psychologist who specialises in trauma. I work with couples and individuals of adult age. I have expertise in a broad range of issues which are usually a product of trauma they include, addiction, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem/self-worth, stress, relationship difficulties, personality disorders. I adopt a person-centred approach using a range of evidence based therapeutic approaches which include Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), Ego States, Circle of Security, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) Gottman Couple Therapy, Schema Therapy.
(02) 8000 1814 View (02) 8000 1814
Photo of Shadi Gray, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Shadi Gray
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
My approach aligns with the notion of getting comfortable being uncomfortable. Understanding that change requires effort, courage, and a willingness to face discomfort. If you are committed to wanting to understand yourself and are open to being challenged in ways that push you towards radical self-acceptance and lasting transformation then I may be the right fit for you.
My approach aligns with the notion of getting comfortable being uncomfortable. Understanding that change requires effort, courage, and a willingness to face discomfort. If you are committed to wanting to understand yourself and are open to being challenged in ways that push you towards radical self-acceptance and lasting transformation then I may be the right fit for you.
(02) 8000 0767 View (02) 8000 0767
Photo of Mackie Demirel - Creative Counselling Sydney, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Mackie Demirel - Creative Counselling Sydney
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
I understand that everyone’s journey is unique, and one size does not fit all. Sometimes we are faced with obstacles that will interrupt our life path which requires support. My services are tailored to meet your individual needs, incorporating evidence-based approaches and creative therapies. I am passionate about providing holistic and creative counselling that focuses on a person's mental, emotional, physical and spiritual needs.
I understand that everyone’s journey is unique, and one size does not fit all. Sometimes we are faced with obstacles that will interrupt our life path which requires support. My services are tailored to meet your individual needs, incorporating evidence-based approaches and creative therapies. I am passionate about providing holistic and creative counselling that focuses on a person's mental, emotional, physical and spiritual needs.
(02) 9100 0465 View (02) 9100 0465
Photo of Tim Carey, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Tim Carey
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
I have over 20 years working with teens and adults in providing direct care to disabled and able bodied adults as a carer and psychologist. I help people with a wide range of issues: Depression, Anxiety, Substance Use, Loss and Grief, PTSD, Work Cover (SIRA accredited), and Compulsory Third Party.
I have over 20 years working with teens and adults in providing direct care to disabled and able bodied adults as a carer and psychologist. I help people with a wide range of issues: Depression, Anxiety, Substance Use, Loss and Grief, PTSD, Work Cover (SIRA accredited), and Compulsory Third Party.
(02) 8503 4454 View (02) 8503 4454
Photo of Stacey Walsh, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Stacey Walsh
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
Waitlist for new clients
One of my passions is in helping my clients explore how early life experiences contribute to the ways they relate in the world as they go through life. I look for ways to work with you to process and heal traumas (both early and later in life), relationship or life patterns and missing experiences to assist you to show up in your life in a way that feels authentic, grounded and connected. Your journey and the way that your system organises itself to meet your needs are unique to you and I am honoured by the opportunity to assist you in making meaning of your own experiences.
One of my passions is in helping my clients explore how early life experiences contribute to the ways they relate in the world as they go through life. I look for ways to work with you to process and heal traumas (both early and later in life), relationship or life patterns and missing experiences to assist you to show up in your life in a way that feels authentic, grounded and connected. Your journey and the way that your system organises itself to meet your needs are unique to you and I am honoured by the opportunity to assist you in making meaning of your own experiences.
(02) 9100 0392 View (02) 9100 0392
Photo of Lucas Steuerwald, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Lucas Steuerwald
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
When we're struggling with challenges arising from issues around mental health, we can often feel lonely, isolated, and we may experience a sense of hopelessness about the future. As a therapist, I'm here to support you in navigating these challenges. I offer a gentle, collaborative approach and work from a mix of different therapeutic styles. Through our therapy sessions, we'll aim to bring forth hope and change for you, and deeper connections with yourself and others. Session times are currently available, so please check in with me for a free chat.
When we're struggling with challenges arising from issues around mental health, we can often feel lonely, isolated, and we may experience a sense of hopelessness about the future. As a therapist, I'm here to support you in navigating these challenges. I offer a gentle, collaborative approach and work from a mix of different therapeutic styles. Through our therapy sessions, we'll aim to bring forth hope and change for you, and deeper connections with yourself and others. Session times are currently available, so please check in with me for a free chat.
(02) 9100 0994 View (02) 9100 0994
Photo of Anne-Marie Taylor - Anne-Marie Taylor - Seen Felt Heard Counselling, MA, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Anne-Marie Taylor - Seen Felt Heard Counselling
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
Imagine making changes to break free from what's holding you back, getting clarity about your next steps, and working towards the life you want. I specialize in helping people who are ready for change and want to transform their lives. My approach helps you identify and break free from unhelpful patterns, gain clarity, and develop the skills to navigate life's challenges. By understanding the influence of your past, making sense of your present, and creating a future in line with your values, together we facilitate a space for growth.
Imagine making changes to break free from what's holding you back, getting clarity about your next steps, and working towards the life you want. I specialize in helping people who are ready for change and want to transform their lives. My approach helps you identify and break free from unhelpful patterns, gain clarity, and develop the skills to navigate life's challenges. By understanding the influence of your past, making sense of your present, and creating a future in line with your values, together we facilitate a space for growth.
(02) 9100 0780 View (02) 9100 0780
Photo of Kate Zughbi, MA, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kate Zughbi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
Are you struggling with issues relating to trauma, anxiety, depression, stress, relationships, managing and understanding your emotions or just feeling overwhelmed and don't know where to start? I endeavour to provide individualised, collaborative and evidence based treatment to meet your needs. It will be a space where you are seen and heard.
Are you struggling with issues relating to trauma, anxiety, depression, stress, relationships, managing and understanding your emotions or just feeling overwhelmed and don't know where to start? I endeavour to provide individualised, collaborative and evidence based treatment to meet your needs. It will be a space where you are seen and heard.
(02) 9100 0485 View (02) 9100 0485
Photo of Kate Mackie, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kate Mackie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
As humans, we will all go through challenging times and need support. Therapeutically, I work to assist the brain and body cope with trauma, challenging emotions & life experiences. I aim to sensitively attune to each person and look to work together to address your concerns. I humanise lived experiences and see the relevance of how our social and cultural context can shape our mood, mental health and recovery. I have special interest and experience working with people who have had a difficult childhood and those affected by trauma including sexual, physical, emotional, psychological & domestic abuse.
As humans, we will all go through challenging times and need support. Therapeutically, I work to assist the brain and body cope with trauma, challenging emotions & life experiences. I aim to sensitively attune to each person and look to work together to address your concerns. I humanise lived experiences and see the relevance of how our social and cultural context can shape our mood, mental health and recovery. I have special interest and experience working with people who have had a difficult childhood and those affected by trauma including sexual, physical, emotional, psychological & domestic abuse.
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Photo of Dana Bassett, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dana Bassett
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203  (Online Only)
There are many paths we can wander down in our own minds yet we can often feel we are pulled on to negative unhelpful paths with out much say. I provide tele-health sessions to help anyone who is struggling, to find their own path to improving their quality of life. Whether it be depression, anxiety, relationship issues, stress, adjusting to change, addiction, grief, or general undefined discontent, I aim to collabrate with you to create a safe and warm space in which our working relationship provides the support that you need to explore all the unhelpful corners of your mind, and help you find and strengthen helpful paths.
There are many paths we can wander down in our own minds yet we can often feel we are pulled on to negative unhelpful paths with out much say. I provide tele-health sessions to help anyone who is struggling, to find their own path to improving their quality of life. Whether it be depression, anxiety, relationship issues, stress, adjusting to change, addiction, grief, or general undefined discontent, I aim to collabrate with you to create a safe and warm space in which our working relationship provides the support that you need to explore all the unhelpful corners of your mind, and help you find and strengthen helpful paths.
(07) 3555 7561 View (07) 3555 7561
Photo of Katie Summerfield - Heart Of Play Therapy Katie Summerfield
Like a flower, we bloom in the right environment; in the play therapy room I work with empathy and acceptance to create a safe space for children and families in order for them to work through their issues and “grow”. I recognise the importance of family and offer assistance to parents and carers to work towards a safer, happier and more relaxed home environment in a strength-based way. Child-centred Play Therapy is a gentle, trauma-informed and neuro-affirming way of supporting children in their unique reactions to coping with daily life, big life events or trauma and attachment issues.
Like a flower, we bloom in the right environment; in the play therapy room I work with empathy and acceptance to create a safe space for children and families in order for them to work through their issues and “grow”. I recognise the importance of family and offer assistance to parents and carers to work towards a safer, happier and more relaxed home environment in a strength-based way. Child-centred Play Therapy is a gentle, trauma-informed and neuro-affirming way of supporting children in their unique reactions to coping with daily life, big life events or trauma and attachment issues.
(02) 9100 0375 View (02) 9100 0375
Photo of Irene Valis, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Irene Valis
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
Welcome. My heartfelt intention is to hold a safe and supportive space for women to feel heard, healed and whole. Using mindbody principles of Gestalt Therapy, I offer a personalised, relational and embodied approach to supporting women who may be experiencing a disconnect from themselves, others or their environment - whether it be through symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, grief, overwhelm, sexual assault or chronic health conditions. By healing past traumas, emotions and narratives that are impeding and impacting our lives in the present, the result is lasting change, internal safety and a coming home to oneself.
Welcome. My heartfelt intention is to hold a safe and supportive space for women to feel heard, healed and whole. Using mindbody principles of Gestalt Therapy, I offer a personalised, relational and embodied approach to supporting women who may be experiencing a disconnect from themselves, others or their environment - whether it be through symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, grief, overwhelm, sexual assault or chronic health conditions. By healing past traumas, emotions and narratives that are impeding and impacting our lives in the present, the result is lasting change, internal safety and a coming home to oneself.
(02) 8105 5981 View (02) 8105 5981
Photo of Malak Shakhtour, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Malak Shakhtour
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
If you're feeling lost, defeated, trying to navigate difficult emotions, I am here to help support you through your next life chapter. I am an accredited mental health social worker with experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. It can be incredibly difficult to change ongoing negative patterns of behaviour, I work on increasing your awareness of these behaviours and responses, whilst giving you coping skills to change old patterns. Whether your goal is to learn to cope with difficult emotions, understanding your psyche or looking to get "unstuck", we can work together to improve the next phase of your life.
If you're feeling lost, defeated, trying to navigate difficult emotions, I am here to help support you through your next life chapter. I am an accredited mental health social worker with experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. It can be incredibly difficult to change ongoing negative patterns of behaviour, I work on increasing your awareness of these behaviours and responses, whilst giving you coping skills to change old patterns. Whether your goal is to learn to cope with difficult emotions, understanding your psyche or looking to get "unstuck", we can work together to improve the next phase of your life.
(02) 7804 4737 View (02) 7804 4737
Photo of Meegan Cornforth - Quiet Mind Holistic Counselling, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Quiet Mind Holistic Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Dulwich Hill, NSW 2203
Currently taking new clients.
Currently taking new clients.
(02) 5302 6347 View (02) 5302 6347
1

See more therapy options for 2203

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 2203

30+

Average cost per session

$170

Counsellors in 2203 who prioritize treating:

93% Depression
93% Anxiety
87% Self Esteem
83% Relationship Issues
77% Stress
77% Life Transitions
73% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Medicare Rebates
46% Bupa
31% Other

How Counsellors in 2203 see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 2203?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.