Photo of Robyn Joanne Bowman - Robyn Bowman Counselling, MC, PACFA, Counsellor
Robyn Bowman Counselling
Counsellor, MC, PACFA
Verified Verified
Kings Langley, NSW 2147
I am a qualified counsellor, registered with PACFA. I work with adults, adolescent and children, in the areas of anxiety, overwhelming emotion, depression, grief and loss, anger, or even assisting you to join up the dots of life. My goal is to empower you towards a more peaceful and manageable life, enhancing your ability to face everyday challenges with resilience and hope. At Robyn Bowman Counselling, I provide both face-to-face sessions in Norwest and Kings Langley, and online consultations, ensuring flexibility and accessibility. My offices are close to transport and parking.
I am a qualified counsellor, registered with PACFA. I work with adults, adolescent and children, in the areas of anxiety, overwhelming emotion, depression, grief and loss, anger, or even assisting you to join up the dots of life. My goal is to empower you towards a more peaceful and manageable life, enhancing your ability to face everyday challenges with resilience and hope. At Robyn Bowman Counselling, I provide both face-to-face sessions in Norwest and Kings Langley, and online consultations, ensuring flexibility and accessibility. My offices are close to transport and parking.
(02) 8609 3783 View (02) 8609 3783
Photo of Giorgio Salmistraro, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Giorgio Salmistraro
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
Life can be exciting and challenging. The most difficult challenge of all is to learn be open and realize we often repeat the same mistakes times again and wonder: "Why is this happening to me ?" We build patterns of behavior which we repeat as we are blindfolded without even realizing it. If you realize your patterns are ruining your life and the life of the people you love I am here to support you. If you are a man and you realize your ANGER is affecting your family life and you want to sort it out, feel free to contact me. The anger you feel is about protecting and defending the people you love never to be uses against them.
Life can be exciting and challenging. The most difficult challenge of all is to learn be open and realize we often repeat the same mistakes times again and wonder: "Why is this happening to me ?" We build patterns of behavior which we repeat as we are blindfolded without even realizing it. If you realize your patterns are ruining your life and the life of the people you love I am here to support you. If you are a man and you realize your ANGER is affecting your family life and you want to sort it out, feel free to contact me. The anger you feel is about protecting and defending the people you love never to be uses against them.
(02) 8609 3995 View (02) 8609 3995
Photo of Alice Fourtounas - All About OCD - Alice Fourtounas, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
All About OCD - Alice Fourtounas
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Lalor Park, NSW 2147  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Clinical Psychologist with a special interest in the treatment of anxiety, intrusive thoughts and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
I am a Clinical Psychologist with a special interest in the treatment of anxiety, intrusive thoughts and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
(02) 8609 3768 View (02) 8609 3768
Photo of Maria Morte-Sanorjo - Centre for Meaningful Growth, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Centre for Meaningful Growth
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
Maria has a keen interest in children as well as women’s health and has extensive experience with perinatal mental health and child development. She is passionate about supporting new parents as they navigate the exciting yet challenging transition to parenthood. Having worked extensively in the area of pregnancy loss, Maria has provided much-needed support to families through their grieving process, offering a compassionate and understanding approach. Maria’s dedication to comprehensive care for parents extends from planning to conceive through pregnancy, postpartum, and beyond. Maria speaks fluent tagalog (Filipino).
Maria has a keen interest in children as well as women’s health and has extensive experience with perinatal mental health and child development. She is passionate about supporting new parents as they navigate the exciting yet challenging transition to parenthood. Having worked extensively in the area of pregnancy loss, Maria has provided much-needed support to families through their grieving process, offering a compassionate and understanding approach. Maria’s dedication to comprehensive care for parents extends from planning to conceive through pregnancy, postpartum, and beyond. Maria speaks fluent tagalog (Filipino).
(02) 8609 3207 View (02) 8609 3207
Photo of Manna Maniago, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Manna Maniago
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
Are you hurting and feeling hopeless? If that's what brought you here, it may be time for us to talk. Distress, anxiety and stress from life's issues may be getting in the way of your achieving your personal goals. Together we can change your life story from defeat to one where you can tell yourself "I CAN deal with it! And I WILL overcome!". Are you ready to feel hopeful again and take the reins back on your life?
Are you hurting and feeling hopeless? If that's what brought you here, it may be time for us to talk. Distress, anxiety and stress from life's issues may be getting in the way of your achieving your personal goals. Together we can change your life story from defeat to one where you can tell yourself "I CAN deal with it! And I WILL overcome!". Are you ready to feel hopeful again and take the reins back on your life?
0431 314 599 View 0431 314 599
Photo of Carolin Skipka - Holistic Counselling for Women - Carolin Skipka, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Holistic Counselling for Women - Carolin Skipka
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Kings Langley, NSW 2147
I am a holistic and trauma aware counsellor who enjoys working with women from all walks of life. I like to work collaboratively, based on where you are at and what you need when we meet. I offer a safe space, free from judgement, for you to explore the challenges you are facing, and help you move towards more peace, wellbeing, and self-leadership. I draw on humanistic, psychodynamic, and somatic approaches based on your individual situation.
I am a holistic and trauma aware counsellor who enjoys working with women from all walks of life. I like to work collaboratively, based on where you are at and what you need when we meet. I offer a safe space, free from judgement, for you to explore the challenges you are facing, and help you move towards more peace, wellbeing, and self-leadership. I draw on humanistic, psychodynamic, and somatic approaches based on your individual situation.
0423 184 809 View 0423 184 809
Photo of Mary Groth, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Mary Groth
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
I work with high performing individuals who want to decrease their anxiety, stress and overwhelm and live a more healthy and balanced life. High performers tend to have many similar traits such as perfectionism, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression and high levels of stress. I also work with couples who are stuck in toxic relationship patterns and are needing the right tools and strategies to get unstuck and happy again.
I work with high performing individuals who want to decrease their anxiety, stress and overwhelm and live a more healthy and balanced life. High performers tend to have many similar traits such as perfectionism, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression and high levels of stress. I also work with couples who are stuck in toxic relationship patterns and are needing the right tools and strategies to get unstuck and happy again.
(02) 8609 3965 View (02) 8609 3965
Photo of Luke Wright, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Luke Wright
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Board Approved Supervisor with over 10 years of experience working across the private and public sector. I am a compassionate, non-judgmental and validating clinician who strives to facilitate a therapy environment where my clients can feel relaxed, understood and leave each session with new insights or skills to face life’s challenges. My therapeutic approach puts clients at the centre of their therapy journey, collaboratively working towards unique goals or values and tailoring a treatment modality that works for them.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Board Approved Supervisor with over 10 years of experience working across the private and public sector. I am a compassionate, non-judgmental and validating clinician who strives to facilitate a therapy environment where my clients can feel relaxed, understood and leave each session with new insights or skills to face life’s challenges. My therapeutic approach puts clients at the centre of their therapy journey, collaboratively working towards unique goals or values and tailoring a treatment modality that works for them.
(02) 8609 3742 View (02) 8609 3742
Photo of Silvia Din, MA, PACFA, Counsellor
Silvia Din
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
The impact of life experiences and situations can sometimes be unbearable. We can often feel overwhelmed and stuck, wondering “Will this ever end?”. If you resonate with this, you are not alone. Please reach out! There is always a light at the end of the tunnel.
The impact of life experiences and situations can sometimes be unbearable. We can often feel overwhelmed and stuck, wondering “Will this ever end?”. If you resonate with this, you are not alone. Please reach out! There is always a light at the end of the tunnel.
(02) 8609 3753 View (02) 8609 3753
Photo of Tracey Anderson - Equanimity Counselling, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Equanimity Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seven Hills, NSW 2147  (Online Only)
Sometimes we can get lost in our thoughts, we can get caught up in the busy everyday and forget about our own mental health, our own wellbeing. If you are finding it difficult to rest, difficult to sleep or perhaps your mind wanders at work and you can't stay focussed. Those simple decisions have become too hard and the motivation is slipping away. If you feel you are experiencing more 'down' days than 'up' days it could be time to reach out for support. I can help you to establish goals to get you back on track, to be a happier you and back to enjoying life to its fullest.
Sometimes we can get lost in our thoughts, we can get caught up in the busy everyday and forget about our own mental health, our own wellbeing. If you are finding it difficult to rest, difficult to sleep or perhaps your mind wanders at work and you can't stay focussed. Those simple decisions have become too hard and the motivation is slipping away. If you feel you are experiencing more 'down' days than 'up' days it could be time to reach out for support. I can help you to establish goals to get you back on track, to be a happier you and back to enjoying life to its fullest.
(02) 8403 2786 View (02) 8403 2786
Photo of Denise Warner, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Denise Warner
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147  (Online Only)
I am a counsellor, coach and trainer based in Sydney, Australia. I have 19 years of clinical experience assisting families, couples, individuals, adolescents and children. I am Lead Trainer for Relationships Australia Professional Training (RAPT) and train for ACAP and Uniting. Why should you choose to see me? I find the most satisfying part of my work has been watching people understand their underlying issues and grow to understand how to care for themselves and to make deeper connections with their partners and families.
I am a counsellor, coach and trainer based in Sydney, Australia. I have 19 years of clinical experience assisting families, couples, individuals, adolescents and children. I am Lead Trainer for Relationships Australia Professional Training (RAPT) and train for ACAP and Uniting. Why should you choose to see me? I find the most satisfying part of my work has been watching people understand their underlying issues and grow to understand how to care for themselves and to make deeper connections with their partners and families.
(02) 8806 0387 View (02) 8806 0387
Photo of Sophie Rachel De Vries - Sydney Hills Counselling, PACFA, Counsellor
Sydney Hills Counselling
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
Hello and welcome. I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor specialising in trauma, anxiety, Family and Domestic Violence, depression, parenting issues, LGBTQ+, infertility, grief and loss, and relationship/separation issues for individuals and families. I am an Approved Counsellor with Victims Services NSW and the NDIS. My approach to counselling focuses on your own unique strengths to build inner resilience with each session tailored to your specific needs and goals. Sometimes just being able to talk through your issues and gain some fresh perspective will help you to work towards a more positive future.
Hello and welcome. I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor specialising in trauma, anxiety, Family and Domestic Violence, depression, parenting issues, LGBTQ+, infertility, grief and loss, and relationship/separation issues for individuals and families. I am an Approved Counsellor with Victims Services NSW and the NDIS. My approach to counselling focuses on your own unique strengths to build inner resilience with each session tailored to your specific needs and goals. Sometimes just being able to talk through your issues and gain some fresh perspective will help you to work towards a more positive future.
(02) 9159 6277 View (02) 9159 6277
Photo of Sarah Jane Harwood - Blooming Heart Therapy, MA, ACA-L3, Psychotherapist
Blooming Heart Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
I love working with children, teens, families and adults around issues related to life transitions, identity formation, trauma, anxiety and depression. I believe therapy to be a place in which someone journeys with you through the hard places in life and reflects back to you what they see and experience. I act as witness to your stories as we search for themes, harmful interactions, forms of relating, and places of strength with the hopes of creating a life of deeper healing, connection, and love.
I love working with children, teens, families and adults around issues related to life transitions, identity formation, trauma, anxiety and depression. I believe therapy to be a place in which someone journeys with you through the hard places in life and reflects back to you what they see and experience. I act as witness to your stories as we search for themes, harmful interactions, forms of relating, and places of strength with the hopes of creating a life of deeper healing, connection, and love.
(07) 3186 5777 View (07) 3186 5777
Photo of Aimee McCarthy, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Aimee McCarthy
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Kings Langley, NSW 2147
Not accepting new clients
Hi, I'm Aimee and I am passionate about delivering psychological services to adolescents and young adults. I believe that it is never too soon (or late!) to learn new skills to support our mental wellbeing. I offer counselling and assessment (e.g., WISC, WIAT, ADOS, Conners) services. I am available to accept assessment and supervision enquiries. I am currently at-capacity for therapy clients and I am not accepting new counselling referrals (GPMHCP/NDIS). This supports me in providing effective care to my existing clients. Thank you for your understanding.
Hi, I'm Aimee and I am passionate about delivering psychological services to adolescents and young adults. I believe that it is never too soon (or late!) to learn new skills to support our mental wellbeing. I offer counselling and assessment (e.g., WISC, WIAT, ADOS, Conners) services. I am available to accept assessment and supervision enquiries. I am currently at-capacity for therapy clients and I am not accepting new counselling referrals (GPMHCP/NDIS). This supports me in providing effective care to my existing clients. Thank you for your understanding.
(02) 9158 6531 View (02) 9158 6531
Photo of Nicole George - Relationship Renewal, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Relationship Renewal
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
As someone who has personally navigated the complexities of relationships, I understand how tough they can be. I've battled with insecurities, wrestled with anxiety, struggled to communicate my needs, and navigated through the complex world of family life. But through it all, I've grown. Understanding my emotions and working through my issues in a safe space brought me a peace I had never known. This is the same gift I'd like to offer my clients through my professional service and I can't wait to walk with you on your journey!
As someone who has personally navigated the complexities of relationships, I understand how tough they can be. I've battled with insecurities, wrestled with anxiety, struggled to communicate my needs, and navigated through the complex world of family life. But through it all, I've grown. Understanding my emotions and working through my issues in a safe space brought me a peace I had never known. This is the same gift I'd like to offer my clients through my professional service and I can't wait to walk with you on your journey!
(02) 8609 3542 View (02) 8609 3542
Photo of Rebecca Ghattas, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Rebecca Ghattas
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
Do you struggle with hoarding disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or addiction? Are you affected by anxiety or depression? I am here to help support you get to where you want to be. NDIS plan and self managed clients welcome. No waitlist. Book one session or ongoing sessions. Life can be hard, and sometimes you need someone to listen to you. I am that someone.
Do you struggle with hoarding disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or addiction? Are you affected by anxiety or depression? I am here to help support you get to where you want to be. NDIS plan and self managed clients welcome. No waitlist. Book one session or ongoing sessions. Life can be hard, and sometimes you need someone to listen to you. I am that someone.
(02) 5301 6084 View (02) 5301 6084
Photo of Fayez Ramzy Nour, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Fayez Ramzy Nour
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Lalor Park, NSW 2147
Fayez is a passionate and skilled counsellor, with vast life experience and a substantial background working in private practice that makes him care, empathetic and engaging. He provides effective therapeutic support across a diverse range of issues to individuals, couples and families. Fayez also provides supervision to other counsellors. Fayez is registered with the Australian Counselling Association, the Professional Counselling Association of the ACT & NSW, Australian Association of Social Workers and Resolution Institute.
Fayez is a passionate and skilled counsellor, with vast life experience and a substantial background working in private practice that makes him care, empathetic and engaging. He provides effective therapeutic support across a diverse range of issues to individuals, couples and families. Fayez also provides supervision to other counsellors. Fayez is registered with the Australian Counselling Association, the Professional Counselling Association of the ACT & NSW, Australian Association of Social Workers and Resolution Institute.
(02) 9158 6543 View (02) 9158 6543
Photo of Caitlin Wright, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Caitlin Wright
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lalor Park, NSW 2147
I have a special interest in supporting adolescents & adults who have experienced trauma, including survivors of childhood trauma, PTSD and vicarious trauma. I have also worked with individuals experiencing relational problems, family issues, work-place stress, depression, and anxiety. My ideal client is one that is willing to be open & vulnerable with me, so that we are able to create a strong connection, so that we can understand what is going on with you.
I have a special interest in supporting adolescents & adults who have experienced trauma, including survivors of childhood trauma, PTSD and vicarious trauma. I have also worked with individuals experiencing relational problems, family issues, work-place stress, depression, and anxiety. My ideal client is one that is willing to be open & vulnerable with me, so that we are able to create a strong connection, so that we can understand what is going on with you.
(02) 7804 4338 View (02) 7804 4338
Photo of Tony Monaghan, MPsych, Australian Association of Psychologists - Member, Psychologist
Tony Monaghan
Psychologist, MPsych, Australian Association of Psychologists - Member
Verified Verified
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
In the same way that you see a GP for common illnesses, a physio for muscular problems, a psychologist can help with mental, emotional and situational problems. You have a sanctuary, where it's safe to talk about things. You are not alone, and what you face is often faced by others. When you don’t know what else to do, we can help you find safety, and come up with a plan, together. We extend an invitation to adults, especially men; e.g. anxiety, depression, relationships, grief, and career. Meetings are held face to face in Seven Hills or by Zoom. Access to medicare benefits for mental health plans are available.
In the same way that you see a GP for common illnesses, a physio for muscular problems, a psychologist can help with mental, emotional and situational problems. You have a sanctuary, where it's safe to talk about things. You are not alone, and what you face is often faced by others. When you don’t know what else to do, we can help you find safety, and come up with a plan, together. We extend an invitation to adults, especially men; e.g. anxiety, depression, relationships, grief, and career. Meetings are held face to face in Seven Hills or by Zoom. Access to medicare benefits for mental health plans are available.
(02) 8609 3937 View (02) 8609 3937
Photo of Sharyn Renshaw, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Sharyn Renshaw
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seven Hills, NSW 2147
I wholeheartedly believe that we all possess unique strengths and qualities that can be honed and amplified, empowering us to embrace our individual journey towards meaning and fulfillment. Amidst distress, overwhelming pressures, and internal doubts, it can be challenging to remember these qualities, but my therapeutic approach aligns with this philosophy. I draw extensively upon transformative modalities such as Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Schema Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
I wholeheartedly believe that we all possess unique strengths and qualities that can be honed and amplified, empowering us to embrace our individual journey towards meaning and fulfillment. Amidst distress, overwhelming pressures, and internal doubts, it can be challenging to remember these qualities, but my therapeutic approach aligns with this philosophy. I draw extensively upon transformative modalities such as Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Schema Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
(02) 8074 5263 View (02) 8074 5263
1

See more therapy options for 2147

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 2147

20+

Average cost per session

$130

Counsellors in 2147 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
86% Self Esteem
82% Coping Skills
77% Relationship Issues
77% Depression
77% Stress
59% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Bupa
64% Medicare Rebates
55% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in 2147 see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 2147?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.