Counselling in 2145
![Photo of Suzy Romanous, ACA-L4, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/34f389d0-597a-4fc7-af68-07e1947f6d23/1/320x400.jpeg)
Domestic Violence clients, ' needs are safety, their goals to be safe and secure, and all they want is encouragement and support until their are safe and secure.
Domestic Violence clients, ' needs are safety, their goals to be safe and secure, and all they want is encouragement and support until their are safe and secure.
![Photo of Manasa Dontireddy, MC, ACA-L2, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/881d7e4b-266b-47bf-b247-c98ed91bae64/2/320x400.jpeg)
‘Challenges are a natural part of life and the only way out is THROUGH’ (Robert Brown). I believe that everyone has potential to thrive and live a fulfilling life, with a positive relationship with themselves and others. Whether you are facing a specific issue or simply looking to improve your overall wellbeing, please reach out.
‘Challenges are a natural part of life and the only way out is THROUGH’ (Robert Brown). I believe that everyone has potential to thrive and live a fulfilling life, with a positive relationship with themselves and others. Whether you are facing a specific issue or simply looking to improve your overall wellbeing, please reach out.
![Photo of Rupa Parthasarathy - Mindkshetra, ACA-L3, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2aa2abfc-8243-4835-a0a9-1e371669288f/3/320x400.jpeg)
Whatever life adversity/situation/issues the young(er) person is muddling through - anxiety, depression, self-esteem, anger management, stress, bullying, friendship issues, social anxiety, learning difficulties and building self-confidence, dealing with loss - We are invested in helping the young(er) person navigate through this sensitive stage with a focus on strengthening their overall wellbeing using creativity as a means. We also help adults cope with a range of life issues like coping with stress, anxiety, depression, anger management, divorce or separation, identity and acculturation issues, improving communication.
Whatever life adversity/situation/issues the young(er) person is muddling through - anxiety, depression, self-esteem, anger management, stress, bullying, friendship issues, social anxiety, learning difficulties and building self-confidence, dealing with loss - We are invested in helping the young(er) person navigate through this sensitive stage with a focus on strengthening their overall wellbeing using creativity as a means. We also help adults cope with a range of life issues like coping with stress, anxiety, depression, anger management, divorce or separation, identity and acculturation issues, improving communication.
![Photo of Colleen Mary Nicholas, ACA-L2, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d24f0108-208e-4f02-8fb1-cfea1ef91188/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hi. I’m Colleen Nicholas. I’m an Art Therapist, Sandtray Therapist, Interactive Drawing Therapist and Counsellor. I offer expressive therapies in addition to talk therapy, because sometimes words are not enough. It can be difficult to find words to express what we are thinking, feeling or experiencing. Sometimes we are not aware of the “real issue” that’s causing our distress.
Hi. I’m Colleen Nicholas. I’m an Art Therapist, Sandtray Therapist, Interactive Drawing Therapist and Counsellor. I offer expressive therapies in addition to talk therapy, because sometimes words are not enough. It can be difficult to find words to express what we are thinking, feeling or experiencing. Sometimes we are not aware of the “real issue” that’s causing our distress.
![Photo of Christopher Basten - Basten & Associates, Clinical Psychologists, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c0caaa70-a8f6-486e-a7f0-946bcca6f283/2/320x400.jpeg)
Basten & Associates, Clinical Psychologists
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Westmead, NSW 2145
In our practice every client is viewed as a special, unique person who has already come far in life and can change how they grow in the future. Our practice aims for excellence in every step taken with a client. This includes using evidence-based treatments (those interventions with known effectiveness from research).
In our practice every client is viewed as a special, unique person who has already come far in life and can change how they grow in the future. Our practice aims for excellence in every step taken with a client. This includes using evidence-based treatments (those interventions with known effectiveness from research).
![Photo of Carolyn Farrugia, ACA-L2, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/31680733-3e52-4601-8495-dad3d54f5ce6/3/320x400.jpeg)
Specialising in Dialectical Behavour Therapy, with 8 years experience. Offering 1:1 DBT coaching for clients who are currently in trauma therapy or other.
Specialising in Dialectical Behavour Therapy, with 8 years experience. Offering 1:1 DBT coaching for clients who are currently in trauma therapy or other.
![Photo of Istvan Schreiner - Clinical Psychology & Counselling Centre, MPsych, MAPS, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/48796d9c-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Clinical Psychology & Counselling Centre
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Wentworthville, NSW 2145
We are a small group of psychologists, providing individual and couples counselling and psychological assessments. We treat depression, anxiety, alcohol and substance use issues, relationship difficulties and a wide range of emotional and psychological problems. We can arrange assessments and provide reports for legal and individual purposes. All our psychologists are Medicare approved and registered with private health insurers. Call us to find out more information.
We are a small group of psychologists, providing individual and couples counselling and psychological assessments. We treat depression, anxiety, alcohol and substance use issues, relationship difficulties and a wide range of emotional and psychological problems. We can arrange assessments and provide reports for legal and individual purposes. All our psychologists are Medicare approved and registered with private health insurers. Call us to find out more information.
![Photo of Mickey Skidmore, AMHSW, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/480fb4b1-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
My primary clinical focus is on grief & loss, and associated issues of depression and anxiety. I provide services exclusively online (tele-health) to emphasise flexibility and scheduling convenience (eliminating travel and parking hassles) while ensuring increased privacy in the comfort in your own environment. My primary approach to therapy emphasises Solution Focused and Motivational Interviewing methods that are underscored and influenced by Ericksonian Approaches to hypnosis and psychotherapy. I also have a strong passion for providing clinical supervision and services to other professionals.
My primary clinical focus is on grief & loss, and associated issues of depression and anxiety. I provide services exclusively online (tele-health) to emphasise flexibility and scheduling convenience (eliminating travel and parking hassles) while ensuring increased privacy in the comfort in your own environment. My primary approach to therapy emphasises Solution Focused and Motivational Interviewing methods that are underscored and influenced by Ericksonian Approaches to hypnosis and psychotherapy. I also have a strong passion for providing clinical supervision and services to other professionals.
![Photo of Debbie Viengkham, MAPS, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4b8ba1e1-f612-4577-b5fe-f810a4500ab3/2/320x400.jpeg)
My ideal client would be someone who is motivated to change, and keen to understand their own behaviours and motivations in hopes for a more balanced life. I have a passion for understanding human behaviour, our motivations and what influences our choices, decisions, and actions whether conscious or subconscious. I find the dynamics between people and their environment fascinating, and how individual differences allow us to perceive the world in our own unique ways.
My ideal client would be someone who is motivated to change, and keen to understand their own behaviours and motivations in hopes for a more balanced life. I have a passion for understanding human behaviour, our motivations and what influences our choices, decisions, and actions whether conscious or subconscious. I find the dynamics between people and their environment fascinating, and how individual differences allow us to perceive the world in our own unique ways.
![Photo of Dana Mitrovic - Exclusive Wellbeing, MPsych, MACPA, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/48a2d657-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
No concern is too small or insignificant to explore in therapy. We are a team of passionate therapists in Parramatta that are all naturally curious and committed to creating a safe space where clients can ‘come as they are’ without judgment. Our mission is to provide a voice to those who feel unheard, helping them discover personal insights and practical solutions for a more fulfilling life. We work with depression, anxiety, stress related to work or studies, Workcover and Traffic Injury, and Government Comcare Insurance. We understand and support clients recovery from complex trauma, OCD, eating disorder, personality disorders.
No concern is too small or insignificant to explore in therapy. We are a team of passionate therapists in Parramatta that are all naturally curious and committed to creating a safe space where clients can ‘come as they are’ without judgment. Our mission is to provide a voice to those who feel unheard, helping them discover personal insights and practical solutions for a more fulfilling life. We work with depression, anxiety, stress related to work or studies, Workcover and Traffic Injury, and Government Comcare Insurance. We understand and support clients recovery from complex trauma, OCD, eating disorder, personality disorders.
![Photo of Dana Mitrovic, MPsych, MACPA, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/48061ffb-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Dana Mitrovic
Psychologist, MPsych, MACPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westmead, NSW 2145
Not accepting new clients
My ideal client is one who is experiencing difficulties in their life and seeking support in working through this. I work with clients from a large range of mental health presentations. I have a strong focus on the development of our adult selves through our early developmental experiences and working toward changing unhelpful patterns in your life to create a better present and future.
My ideal client is one who is experiencing difficulties in their life and seeking support in working through this. I work with clients from a large range of mental health presentations. I have a strong focus on the development of our adult selves through our early developmental experiences and working toward changing unhelpful patterns in your life to create a better present and future.
15 Second Videos
Mindkshetra
Kelsey Hendrickson
Mathew Marchant
Shobana Suresh
Srishti Yadav
Alexander Rodriguez
![Photo of Rajesh (Raj) Prasad - Clear Choice Clinic Counselling & Psychological, MC, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/488c8bf9-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Clear Choice Clinic Counselling & Psychological
Counsellor, MC
Verified Verified
Pendle Hill, NSW 2145
Diversity and Cultural Competence: Highlight your experience as an NDIS-registered provider catering to clients from diverse nationalities. Educational Background: Master's degree. Specialisation in ASD; Experience in Special Education: I have a deep understanding of the challenges to support them effectively.Psychological Assessment Expertise: Marriage and Relationships:Legal Requirements and Report Writing: writing reports to meet legal requirements:Psychological Support: assist clients with a range of issues, AOD (Alcohol and Other Drugs), anger management, domestic issues, and disabilities. Helping clients with needs.
Diversity and Cultural Competence: Highlight your experience as an NDIS-registered provider catering to clients from diverse nationalities. Educational Background: Master's degree. Specialisation in ASD; Experience in Special Education: I have a deep understanding of the challenges to support them effectively.Psychological Assessment Expertise: Marriage and Relationships:Legal Requirements and Report Writing: writing reports to meet legal requirements:Psychological Support: assist clients with a range of issues, AOD (Alcohol and Other Drugs), anger management, domestic issues, and disabilities. Helping clients with needs.
![Photo of Carolin Skipka - Holistic Counselling for Women - Carolin Skipka, ACA-L2, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c317e10f-467a-4d20-a08e-8e77d75887e4/2/320x400.jpeg)
Holistic Counselling for Women - Carolin Skipka
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Girraween, NSW 2145
I am a holistic and trauma aware counsellor who enjoys working with women from all walks of life. I like to work collaboratively, based on where you are at and what you need when we meet. I offer a safe space, free from judgement, for you to explore the challenges you are facing, and help you move towards more peace, wellbeing, and self-leadership. I draw on humanistic, psychodynamic, and somatic approaches based on your individual situation.
I am a holistic and trauma aware counsellor who enjoys working with women from all walks of life. I like to work collaboratively, based on where you are at and what you need when we meet. I offer a safe space, free from judgement, for you to explore the challenges you are facing, and help you move towards more peace, wellbeing, and self-leadership. I draw on humanistic, psychodynamic, and somatic approaches based on your individual situation.
![Photo of Lydia Ghaly, PsyBA General, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/546c2387-3b5b-43a9-81f8-00fcb9248c8f/1/320x400.jpeg)
Lydia is a registered psychologist and an Associate Member of the AAPi. With a special interest in children, she has exceptional experience in treating childhood disorders and works collaboratively with parents and teachers to support their child with managing social and emotional difficulties. She conducts IQ and academic assessments for Cognitive and Learning Disorders for all ages. She administers ADHD assessments for all ages from 6+ to adulthood.
Lydia is a registered psychologist and an Associate Member of the AAPi. With a special interest in children, she has exceptional experience in treating childhood disorders and works collaboratively with parents and teachers to support their child with managing social and emotional difficulties. She conducts IQ and academic assessments for Cognitive and Learning Disorders for all ages. She administers ADHD assessments for all ages from 6+ to adulthood.
![Photo of Nick Cherrie, PsyBA General, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/05a4de63-69aa-4de3-b0ec-ec2ed9de8636/2/320x400.jpeg)
I'm a registered Psychologist, and primarily utilise CBT and interpersonal therapy to assist clients with a range of mental health concerns, from relationship problems, to work and study stressors, to anxiety or depression.
I'm a registered Psychologist, and primarily utilise CBT and interpersonal therapy to assist clients with a range of mental health concerns, from relationship problems, to work and study stressors, to anxiety or depression.
![Photo of Sarah Traynor, AASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/15c9bf67-f150-414f-a9ff-1254ea3a7838/5/320x400.jpeg)
I am an accredited social worker with 22 years of experience working across Sydney. I have experience working for NGOs, and State and Federal Government agencies in counselling, community development, case management, disaster recovery, group work and delivering training. I enjoy engaging with diverse individuals and families at varied stages of life, providing therapeutic intervention, and working towards positive change. I am available to provide a variety of support services to assist individuals with reaching their goals. I use talk therapy and creative therapy techniques and a strengths based approach to work towards change.
I am an accredited social worker with 22 years of experience working across Sydney. I have experience working for NGOs, and State and Federal Government agencies in counselling, community development, case management, disaster recovery, group work and delivering training. I enjoy engaging with diverse individuals and families at varied stages of life, providing therapeutic intervention, and working towards positive change. I am available to provide a variety of support services to assist individuals with reaching their goals. I use talk therapy and creative therapy techniques and a strengths based approach to work towards change.
![Photo of Kelsey Hendrickson, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b2f72044-2532-4150-9e20-37ca11097199/3/320x400.jpeg)
I am a female counsellor / psychotherapist working in private practice at Exclusive Wellbeing in Parramatta and in my own clinic in Crows Nest. With a rich tapestry of life experiences, including parenthood, a corporate career, and years of teaching yoga, I bring a holistic approach to therapy. I enjoy helping clients better understand themselves on a deep, wholistic level. I hope to make my clients feel seen and heard in my therapy space. I have a special interest in counselling people struggling with fertility, pregnancy and the transition to parenthood.
I am a female counsellor / psychotherapist working in private practice at Exclusive Wellbeing in Parramatta and in my own clinic in Crows Nest. With a rich tapestry of life experiences, including parenthood, a corporate career, and years of teaching yoga, I bring a holistic approach to therapy. I enjoy helping clients better understand themselves on a deep, wholistic level. I hope to make my clients feel seen and heard in my therapy space. I have a special interest in counselling people struggling with fertility, pregnancy and the transition to parenthood.
![Photo of Denise Warner, ACA-L4, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/110e4d28-af9c-4a4e-ac68-ff33fe40da47/3/320x400.jpeg)
I am a counsellor, coach and trainer based in Sydney, Australia. I have 19 years of clinical experience assisting families, couples, individuals, adolescents and children. I am Lead Trainer for Relationships Australia Professional Training (RAPT) and train for ACAP and Uniting. Why should you choose to see me? I find the most satisfying part of my work has been watching people understand their underlying issues and grow to understand how to care for themselves and to make deeper connections with their partners and families.
I am a counsellor, coach and trainer based in Sydney, Australia. I have 19 years of clinical experience assisting families, couples, individuals, adolescents and children. I am Lead Trainer for Relationships Australia Professional Training (RAPT) and train for ACAP and Uniting. Why should you choose to see me? I find the most satisfying part of my work has been watching people understand their underlying issues and grow to understand how to care for themselves and to make deeper connections with their partners and families.
![Photo of Mathew Marchant, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/15359043-b70f-42de-9577-ef9e8f02fff6/2/320x400.jpeg)
Mathew Marchant
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westmead, NSW 2145
Mathew is an empathic and understanding Clinical Psychologist who enjoys helping clients explore their difficulties and pursue meaningful changes in their lives. He has extensive experience working with a diverse range of issues, including anxiety, depression, burnout, self-confidence, trauma, grief, and adjustment to major life changes. Mathew has a special interest in working with addiction. He has previously served at addiction centres and gambling clinics, including the Centre for Addiction Medicine at Cumberland Hospital. He has also facilitated training workshops in Sydney and interstate.
Mathew is an empathic and understanding Clinical Psychologist who enjoys helping clients explore their difficulties and pursue meaningful changes in their lives. He has extensive experience working with a diverse range of issues, including anxiety, depression, burnout, self-confidence, trauma, grief, and adjustment to major life changes. Mathew has a special interest in working with addiction. He has previously served at addiction centres and gambling clinics, including the Centre for Addiction Medicine at Cumberland Hospital. He has also facilitated training workshops in Sydney and interstate.
![Photo of Shobana Suresh, PACFA, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/adfeea95-9baf-4774-8ffe-6d76fc4841e8/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you feel anxious or insecure in your relationship? Are you afraid your partner will leave you? Do you fear commitment despite wanting to be in a long-term relationship? Have you lost the spark in your marriage? Have you become so disconnected from your partner that you feel like roommates? Do you feel like you are stuck in a constant cycle of arguments with your partner or other family members? Is effective communication a struggle in your relationship? Does your relationship suffer from a lack of intimacy or infidelity? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I am here to help.
Do you feel anxious or insecure in your relationship? Are you afraid your partner will leave you? Do you fear commitment despite wanting to be in a long-term relationship? Have you lost the spark in your marriage? Have you become so disconnected from your partner that you feel like roommates? Do you feel like you are stuck in a constant cycle of arguments with your partner or other family members? Is effective communication a struggle in your relationship? Does your relationship suffer from a lack of intimacy or infidelity? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I am here to help.
See more therapy options for 2145
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in 2145
40+
Average cost per session
$160
Counsellors in 2145 who prioritize treating:
98% | Anxiety |
94% | Depression |
91% | Stress |
85% | Self Esteem |
83% | Coping Skills |
74% | Relationship Issues |
68% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
11 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
85% | Bupa |
67% | Medicare Rebates |
59% | Medibank Private |
How Counsellors in 2145 see their clients
92% | In Person and Online | |
8% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
84% | Female | |
16% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in 2145?
Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.
Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.
Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.